Dissociated neural representations of intensity and valence in human olfaction

Anderson, Adam K.; Christoff, Kalina; Stappen, Iris; Panitz, David; Ghahremani, Dara G.; Glover, Gary H.; Gabrieli, John D. E.; Sobel, Noam

doi:10.1038/nn1001

Cited by 933 publications

(753 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This underlines views of its function of a more general role in emotion processing as for emotional arousal or intensity without a valence specificity (Baxter and Murray, 2002;Anderson et al, 2003;Gottfried et al, 2003;McClure et al, 2004).…”

Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Revealed Areasmentioning

confidence: 54%

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

et al. 2007

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Since we do not know what future holds for us, we prepare for expected emotional events in order to deal with a pleasant or threatening environment. From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense to be particularly prepared for the worst-case scenario. We were interested to evaluate whether this assumption is reflected in the central nervous information processing associated with expecting visual stimuli of unknown emotional valence. While being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging, healthy subjects were cued to expect and then perceive visual stimuli with a known emotional valence as pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral, as well as stimuli of unknown valence that could have been either pleasant or unpleasant. While anticipating pictures of unknown valence, the activity of emotion processing brain areas was similar to activity associated with expecting unpleasant pictures, but there were no areas in which the activity was similar to the activity when expecting pleasant pictures. The activity of the revealed regions, including bilateral insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, medial thalamus, and red nucleus, further correlated with the individual ratings of mood: the worse the mood, the higher the activity. These areas are supposedly involved in a network for internal adaptation and preparation processes in order to act according to potential or certain unpleasant events. Their activity appears to reflect a 'pessimistic' bias by anticipating the events of unknown valence to be unpleasant.

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Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Revealed Areasmentioning

confidence: 54%

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

et al. 2007

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“…This is an implementational detail that was motivated by the fact that the ABL seems to activate to both positive and negative magnitudes in imaging studies (Anderson et al, 2003). However, in reality, there are likely different populations of cells within the ABL that represent positive and negative valence, and these could potentially have differential projections to the medial and lateral OFC.…”

Section: Augmenting the Model: Orbitofrontal Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of a decision: Striato-orbitofrontal interactions in reinforcement learning, decision making, and reversal.

Frank¹,

Claus²

2006

Psychological Review

523

505

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The authors explore the division of labor between the basal ganglia-dopamine (BG-DA) system and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in decision making. They show that a primitive neural network model of the BG-DA system slowly learns to make decisions on the basis of the relative probability of rewards but is not as sensitive to (a) recency or (b) the value of specific rewards. An augmented model that explores BG-OFC interactions is more successful at estimating the true expected value of decisions and is faster at switching behavior when reinforcement contingencies change. In the augmented model, OFC areas exert top-down control on the BG and premotor areas by representing reinforcement magnitudes in working memory. The model successfully captures patterns of behavior resulting from OFC damage in decision making, reversal learning, and devaluation paradigms and makes additional predictions for the underlying source of these deficits.Keywords: decision making, neural network, basal ganglia, orbitofrontal cortex, reinforcement learning What enables humans to make choices that lead to long-term gains, even when having to incur short-term losses? Such decisionmaking skills depend on the processes of action selection (choosing between one of several possible responses) and reinforcement learning (modifying the likelihood of selecting a given response on the basis of experienced consequences). Although all mammals can learn to associate their actions with consequences, humans are particularly advanced in their ability to flexibly modify the relative reinforcement values of alternative choices to select the most adaptive behavior in a particular behavioral, spatial, and temporal context.The behavioral and cognitive neurosciences have identified two neural systems that are involved in such adaptive behavior. On the one hand, the basal ganglia (BG) and the neuromodulator dopamine (DA) are thought to participate in both action selection and reinforcement learning

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“…(5) Most important, the BAWL-R not only rected to affective stimuli (e.g., Anderson, 2005;Bradley, 1994;Keil & Ihssen, 2004). Further support for differential effects of either emotional valence or arousal stems from the finding that different brain regions are activated during affective processing depending on the relative position of the event within the valence-arousal space (e.g., Anderson et al, 2003;Dolcos, LaBar, & Cabeza, 2004;Kensinger, 2004;Phelps & Anderson, 1997). Anderson et al (2003), for example, independently manipulated valence and arousal dimensions.…”

Section: Description Of the Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R)

Võ

Conrad

Kuchinke

et al. 2009

Behavior Research Methods

444

341

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The study presented here provides researchers with a revised list of affective German words, the Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R). This work is an extension of the previously published BAWL , which has enabled researchers to investigate affective word processing with highly controlled stimulus material. The lack of arousal ratings, however, necessitated a revised version of the BAWL. We therefore present the BAWL-R, which is the first list that not only contains a large set of psycholinguistic indexes known to influence word processing, but also features ratings regarding emotional arousal, in addition to emotional valence and imageability. The BAWL-R is intended to help researchers create stimulus material for a wide range of experiments dealing with the affective processing of German verbal material.

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Dissociated neural representations of intensity and valence in human olfaction

Cited by 933 publications

References 45 publications

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

Anatomy of a decision: Striato-orbitofrontal interactions in reinforcement learning, decision making, and reversal.

The Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R)

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