Disseminated xanthogranulomas associated with adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma: a case report and review the association of haematologic malignancies

Abstract

Xanthogranuloma (XG) is rarely observed in adults and has been reported to be associated with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and/or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). A 68-year-old woman with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) gradually developed disseminated XGs over the 3 years since disease onset. Histopathological examination of a skin biopsy revealed the presence of histiocytes in the dermis with a few Touton giant cells admixed with lymphoid cells. The lesions of XGs persisted despite chemotherapy with prednisolone and chlorambucil for her ATLL. This is the first report of disseminated XGs associated with ATLL. The association of disseminated XGs with haematologic malignancies was reviewed and the possible pathogenesis of this association will be discussed.

Neoplastic skin lesions of the scalp in children: A retrospective study of 265 cases in Taiwan

“…JXG preferentially affects infants or young children in the head and neck regions [19]. Association between multiple lesions of JXG and NF1, chronic myelogeneous leukemia and other hematologic malignancies has been reported [20]. Children with concomitant NF1 and JXG had a 20 to 32-fold higher risk of developing juvenile chronic myelogeneous leukemia as compared to children with NF1 alone [21].…”

Adult onset xanthogranuloma – case report and review of literature

“…Only one case report of adult onset eruptive xanthogranuloma arising in a patient with a solid tumor (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) has been published (23). Cutaneous xanthogranulomas do not always regress following treatment for the coexisting neoplasia, therefore they cannot be viewed as paraneoplastic phenomena (24,25).…”

Juvenile xanthogranuloma: A herald to the diagnosis of Erdheim‐Chester disease in an adult with acute leukemia

“…Disseminated disease is rare and has been associated with blood malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), follicular lymphoma, and monoclonal gammopathy . Lesions can manifest before, during, or even after the diagnosis of the malignancy with some speculation that JXG may represent a neoplastic process . Lesion distribution in eyes, lungs, bones, testes, and gastrointestinal tract has been described .…”