Disseminated Canine Herpesvirus-1 Infection in an Immunocompromised Adult Dog

Malone, E.K.; Ledbetter, Eric C.; Rassnick, Kenneth M.; Kim, S.G.; Russell, Daniel H

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0512.x

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…CaHV-1 infection in adult to senior dogs was previously reported to cause mild respiratory symptoms that were localized and self-limited [21]. However, the evidence that CaHV-1 infection can induce a fatal systemic disease in adult dogs is increasing [9,16,20]. These fi ndings can be explained by immunocompromised conditions, including infection, disease, under stress and aging, which then resulted in viral reactivation and shedding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…Later, the dormant virus reactivates for its replication and virion production without being recognized by host immune cells. The virus can spread its descendants from the infected organs in the lytic cycle when the host loses a proper immune function, such as under stress, pregnancy, anti-cancer and systemic corticosteroid treatment [19,20]. In addition, the latent infection of CaHV-1 can be reactivated during other infectious conditions, particularly with CIRDC [3].This is in agreement with our fi ndings showing that most of the CaHV-1 infected dogs were co-infected with other CIRDC-viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral molecular and pathological investigations ofCanid herpesvirus1 infection associated respiratory disease and acute death in dogs

et al. 2017

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Canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) is a member of the canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). The outcome of CaHV-1 infection can be occasionally fatal. So far, no information on CaHV-1 circulation in Thailand has been reported resulting in a lack of preventive strategies. In this study, nasal (NS) and oropharyngeal (OS) swabs were collected from 100 live dogs with respiratory distress. Among them, 23 pleural effusions were aspirated. A panel of CIRDC-associated viruses was screened by (RT)-PCR, including CaHV-1, CIV, CPIV, CDV, CRCoV and CAdV-2, for all collected samples. The CaHV-1 was detected in 32 dogs. Additionally, CaHV-1 was consistently detected in six pleural effusions. Most CaHV-1 infected dogs were over 5 years of age (43.8%) and expressed a mild nasal discharge. Pathological results of four three-month-old puppies, naturally moribund from respiratory disease, revealed a severe multifocal necrotic-hemorrhagic disease in several organs without pathognomonic inclusion bodies. They were only found to be CaHV-1 positive by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated concordant results of CaHV-1 circulation in Thailand. Although mostly found as a co-infection with other CIRDC viruses (68.8%) it also occurred alone. Therefore, rapid ante-mortem diagnosis might facilitate the investigation of unclassical CaHV-1 infection, which is fatal in neonates and causes illness in annually core-vaccinated adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral molecular and pathological investigations ofCanid herpesvirus1 infection associated respiratory disease and acute death in dogs

et al. 2017

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“…5). 9,44,47 Although not specific to CHV infection, this clinical finding is uncommon with most other etiologies of conjunctivitis and should be considered suggestive of CHV.…”

Section: ™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™™mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…More severe disease can occur when CHV infects dogs that are immunosuppressed. 9 A case of generalized CHV infection in a 9-year-old dog with a normal immune system was documented recently (Gadsden BJ, Langohr IM, Maes R. Fatal herpesviral infection in an adult dog. Submitted for publication, 2011).…”

Section: Respiratory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Reproductive, Respiratory, and Ocular Diseases due to Canine Herpesvirus

Evermann

Ledbetter

Maes

2011

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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This review documents how clinical inquiry expands as our knowledge base about canine herpesvirus (CHV) increases. We must understand the various forms of CHV infection that may occur in the dog population. This has prompted the veterinary community to develop more sensitive diagnostic assays. CHV is more common than we considered a decade ago. Up to 70% of some high-risk dog populations have been infected with and are latent carriers of CHV. Recognition of the various forms of CHV-induced disease, availability of diagnostic assays with increased sensitivity, and the formation of reliable biosecurity measures will allow for better control steps.

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“…4 Systemic disease due to CaHV-1 infection was reported in 1 adult dog, where the dog was considered to be immunocompromised secondary to chemotherapy for lymphoma. 9 In the current case, however, the dog's medical history did not indicate the administration of glucocorticoids or any other type of immunosuppression; the complete blood cell count findings were insignificant; and there was no evidence of concurrent disease or lymphocyte depletion in lymphoid tissues at necropsy.…”

Section: Canid Herpesvirus 1 (Cahv-1) Is Classified Under the Genusmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fatal Canid herpesvirus 1 infection in an adult dog

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) is a well-known cause of fatal hepatic and renal necrosis in neonatal puppies. In adult dogs infected with CaHV-1, papulovesicular genital lesions may be observed. CaHV-1 infection during pregnancy can lead to embryonic resorption, abortion, and stillbirth. In high-density dog populations, CaHV-1 can also contribute to kennel cough. Furthermore, recent literature has clearly documented that CaHV-1 can induce ocular disease in immature and adult dogs. The current study describes a case of fatal CaHV-1 infection in a 9-year-old spayed female Bichon Frise dog. Following a history of vomiting and diarrhea, the dog deteriorated and subsequently died. The main lesions were multifocal areas of necrosis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the liver, adrenal gland, and small intestine, similar to the lesions observed in CaHV-1-infected puppies. Infection with CaHV-1 was confirmed on samples of liver by polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. There was no indication of immunosuppression in this dog. Based on the results presented herein, CaHV-1 should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of hepatic necrosis in adult dogs.

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Disseminated Canine Herpesvirus-1 Infection in an Immunocompromised Adult Dog

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Viral molecular and pathological investigations ofCanid herpesvirus1 infection associated respiratory disease and acute death in dogs

Viral molecular and pathological investigations ofCanid herpesvirus1 infection associated respiratory disease and acute death in dogs

Canine Reproductive, Respiratory, and Ocular Diseases due to Canine Herpesvirus

Fatal Canid herpesvirus 1 infection in an adult dog

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