Canine Reproductive, Respiratory, and Ocular Diseases due to Canine Herpesvirus

Abstract

This review documents how clinical inquiry expands as our knowledge base about canine herpesvirus (CHV) increases. We must understand the various forms of CHV infection that may occur in the dog population. This has prompted the veterinary community to develop more sensitive diagnostic assays. CHV is more common than we considered a decade ago. Up to 70% of some high-risk dog populations have been infected with and are latent carriers of CHV. Recognition of the various forms of CHV-induced disease, availability of diagnostic assays with increased sensitivity, and the formation of reliable biosecurity measures will allow for better control steps.

Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches

“…This virus consists of double-stranded DNA, has icosahedral infecting only dogs or cells canine origin. This specificity is due to the presence of specific receptors on the cell surface, such as the glycoprotein D (haemagglutinin) [54,58]. As for CHV-1 characteristics of the environment, there is a higher incidence and spread of the virus in kennels than in the home environment.…”

“…T h ec a n i n eh e r p e s v i r u s1( C H V -1) has a worldwide distribution and is associated with respiratory and reproductive diseases in dogs [54]. The CHV-1 was isolated in several countries, with a disease considered enzootic for dogs [55].…”

Outbreaks of canid herpesvirus 1 disease in puppies in southern Brazil

“…Adult dogs infected with CHV-1 usually develop a mild respiratory disease, frequently associated with Parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica infection (Decaro et al 2008, Evermann et al 2011. The most important disorders associated with CHV-1 infection, however, generally occur in pregnant bitches and in young puppies.…”

“…The most important disorders associated with CHV-1 infection, however, generally occur in pregnant bitches and in young puppies. Systemic viremia in pregnant females may result in transplacentary CHV-1 transmission and fetal infection, leading to fetal deaths, abortion, mummification, infertility and the birth of weak puppies (Hashimoto et al 1983, Anvik 1991, Decaro et al 2008, Evermann et al 2011. In neonates infected in utero or during the birth, the mortality usually approaches 100% due to a multisystemic necrohemorrhagic disease (Ronsse et al 2005, Decaro et al 2008, Evermann et al 2011.…”

“…Canid herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) belongs to family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Varicellovirus (ICTV, 2015) and it is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations in dogs including neonatal deaths, respiratory, ocular, and reproductive disorders (Evermann et al 2011). Like other alphaherpesviruses, CHV-1 establishes latent infections in neural and non neural tissues after acute infection and can be reactivated in stressful and immunosuppressive situations (Miyoshi et al 1999).…”