Disposition and metabolism of topically administered α‐tocopherol acetate: A common ingredient of commercially available sunscreens and cosmetics

Alberts, David S.; Goldman, Rayna; Xu, Min; Dorr, Robert T.; Quinn, J. S.; Welch, Kevin; Guillen-Rodriguez, José; Aickin, Mikel; Peng, Yitian; Loescher, Lois J.; Gensler, Helen L.

doi:10.1080/01635589609514475

Cited by 58 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is worth mentioning here that although permeation of TA was observed, no free T could be detected. This finding indicates that the enzymatic activity under the experimental conditions was unable to convert the inactive prodrug TA into the biologically active free T. This finding was also demonstrated previously in a human study [13] , in which the acetate ester of tocopherol showed no evidence of conversion to the biologically active form, T, despite adequate absorption into the skin. A study by Rangarajan and Zatz [14] on the metabolic conversion of TA into T in skin showed that permeation and metabolism of TA was highly dependent on the delivery system, reemphasizing the importance of formulation in cosmetic preparations [14] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The protective effects of T against photoaging have been demonstrated in various animal and in vitro skin models [8][9][10][11] . Despite the media attention and consumer popularity that these ingredients have generated, there have been few scientific studies to support these claims [12,13] . Furthermore, a recent study on the metabolic conversion of ␣ -tocopherol acetate (TA) into T in skin demonstrated that permeation and metabolism of TA was highly dependent on the delivery system [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In vitro and in vivo Permeation of Vitamin E and Vitamin E Acetate from Cosmetic Formulations

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To investigate the ability of α-tocopherol acetate (TA) and α-tocopherol (T), widely used ingredients in cosmetics, to cross the epidermal barrier using the neonatal rat as a model. Materials and Methods: The content of T and TA in four marketed products (A–D) and two experimental formulations (F1, F2) was investigated by HPLC. An in vitro permeation study was performed in neonatal rat epidermis using diffusion cells. In vivo permeation was studied in neonatal rats after repeated application of the products and analysis of T and TA in the stratum corneum/deeper skin layers. Results: Variable contents of TA were found in the marketed products (0.12–0.53%). No vitamin permeation was detected through the stratum corneum as in vitro biological barrier after 4 h. No detectable T and TA were seen in the in vivo permeation study in the epidermis. Variable degrees of drug penetration (4.3–12.6%) of the applied dose into the deeper skin layers were observed, depending on the formulation. In vivo application of TA-containing preparations did not result in any transformation of TA into T under the described experimental conditions. Conclusion: TA and T exhibited variable skin penetration and TA did not transform into T under the experimental conditions. The data underscored the need for further studies to optimize such formulations to improve vitamin E transdermal permeation and eventually achieve the expected cosmetic/therapeutic outcome.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo Permeation of Vitamin E and Vitamin E Acetate from Cosmetic Formulations

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These results demonstrate that TP wash treatment not only results in a net uptake of vitamin E into SSL, but penetrates into deeper SC layers. There is conflicting evidence as to what extent the conversion of vitamin E esters occurs in the SC [38][39][40][41]. Most studies suggest that in human SC the bioconversion to active vitamin E is far weaker than in nucleated epidermal layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E Delivery to Human Skin by a Rinse-Off Product: Penetration of α-Tocopherol versus Wash-Out Effects of Skin Surface Lipids

Ekanayake‐Mudiyanselage

Tavakkol

Polefka

et al. 2004

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

α-Tocopherol, the major biologically active form of vitamin E, represents a frequently added lipophilic compound of skin care products. Despite its emerging use in rinse-off formulations, little is known on its efficacy with respect to its deposition or its antioxidant potential in human skin. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the single use of an α-tocopherol-enriched rinse-off product provides effective deposition of α-tocopherol on human stratum corneum. To test this, forearm skin of 13 volunteers was washed either with an α-tocopherol-enriched rinse-off product (test product, TP) or with an α-tocopherol-free vehicle control (control product, CP) (contralateral arm) using a standardized wash protocol. Thereafter, skin surface lipids were extracted with pure ethanol after the wash procedure as well as after 24 h. Additionally, one group of volunteers was subjected to irradiation of their forearms with low-dose UVA (8 J/cm²) prior to lipid extraction. Skin lipid extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection for vitamin E and UV detection for squalene (SQ) and squalene monohydroperoxide. The results of this in vivo study demonstrated that (1) while CP treatment lowers, TP treatment strongly increases α-tocopherol levels of skin barrier lipids; (2) increased vitamin E deposition levels were maintained for a period of at least 24 h, and (3) TP treatment significantly inhibited photooxidation of SQ. In conclusion, the use of α-tocopherol-enriched rinse-off products may help to maintain the integrity of the skin barrier by providing protection against photooxidative stress at the level of skin surface lipids.

show abstract

“…α-T is believed to play a major role in the prevention of light-induced pathologies of skin and eyes of human [45,46] and degenerative disorders such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [47,48]. α-T has many industrial applications, as preservative in food, sunscreens in cosmetics and additives in animal feed which ensures the health of the animal and improves the quality of meat [49,50]. Freshwater microalgae Euglena gracilis, produces a large amount of α-T.…”

Section: Tocopherolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective of the cosmeceuticals derived from marine organisms

Kim

Ravichandran

Khan

et al. 2008

Biotechnol Bioproc E

220

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cosmeceuticals, derived from the words 'cosmetic and pharmaceutical', have drug-like benefits and contain active ingredients such as vitamins, phytochemicals, enzymes, antioxidants, and essential oils. Cosmeceuticals have attracted increased attention because of their beneficial effects on human health. Bioactive substances derived from marine organisms have diverse functional roles as a secondary metabolite and these properties can be applied to the developments of novel pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Recently, extensive studies have been conducted on the general aspects of the chemical structures, physical and biochemical properties, and biotechnological applications of bioactive substances derived from marine organisms. In this review, we have discussed recent progresses in the biotechnological applications of bioactive substances from marine organisms as cosmeceuticals. © KSBB = hÉóïçêÇëW=ÅçëãÉÅÉìíáÅ~äëI=ã~êáåÉ=çêÖ~åáëãëI=~åíáçñáÇ~åíëI=~äÖ~ÉI=ÅÜáíáåI=ÅÜáíçë~å= = = = =

show abstract

Disposition and metabolism of topically administered α‐tocopherol acetate: A common ingredient of commercially available sunscreens and cosmetics

Cited by 58 publications

References 18 publications

In vitro and in vivo Permeation of Vitamin E and Vitamin E Acetate from Cosmetic Formulations

In vitro and in vivo Permeation of Vitamin E and Vitamin E Acetate from Cosmetic Formulations

Vitamin E Delivery to Human Skin by a Rinse-Off Product: Penetration of α-Tocopherol versus Wash-Out Effects of Skin Surface Lipids

Prospective of the cosmeceuticals derived from marine organisms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About