Cosmeceuticals, derived from the words 'cosmetic and pharmaceutical', have drug-like benefits and contain active ingredients such as vitamins, phytochemicals, enzymes, antioxidants, and essential oils. Cosmeceuticals have attracted increased attention because of their beneficial effects on human health. Bioactive substances derived from marine organisms have diverse functional roles as a secondary metabolite and these properties can be applied to the developments of novel pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Recently, extensive studies have been conducted on the general aspects of the chemical structures, physical and biochemical properties, and biotechnological applications of bioactive substances derived from marine organisms. In this review, we have discussed recent progresses in the biotechnological applications of bioactive substances from marine organisms as cosmeceuticals. © KSBB = hÉóïçêÇëW=ÅçëãÉÅÉìíáÅ~äëI=ã~êáåÉ=çêÖ~åáëãëI=~åíáçñáÇ~åíëI=~äÖ~ÉI=ÅÜáíáåI=ÅÜáíçë~å= = = = =

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GO–alginate–HAP, GO–amylopectin–HAP and GO–gellan gum–HAP were prepared and characterized and their osteoconductivity were checked for the first time.

Recently, dynamic approach has been applied to determine the steady state concentrations of multiple ionic species present in complex buffers at equilibrium. Here, we have used the dynamic approach to explicitly model the pH profiles of biologically relevant phosphate buffer and universal buffer (a mixture of three tri-protic acids such as citric acid, boric acid and phosphoric acid). The results from dynamic approach are identical to that of the conventional algebraic approach, but with an added advantage that the dynamic approach, allow for the modelling of complex buffer systems relatively easy compared to that of algebraic method.