Disparities in detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus in US blood donor samples using commercial assays

Zafrullah, Mohammad; Zhang, Xiugen; Tran, Coleen; Nguyen, Megan L.; Kamili, Saleem; Purdy, Michael A.; Stramer, Susan L.

doi:10.1111/trf.14553

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Third, although interrun repeatability was a requirement for incident‐ or reexposure categorization, we cannot exclude the possibility of false‐positive IgG anti‐HEV results because we did not independently verify reactivity (e.g., via western blot immunoassay) and our 31% frequency of IgG anti‐HEV reactivity is high. Noting that RADAR patient‐recipients were older (91% and 74% at least 50 and 60 years old, respectively) and predominantly male (54%), our IgG anti‐HEV frequency is consistent with several of those reported for older US subpopulations (see discussion below about prevalence).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In a study of more recently collected (during 2015) ARC samples, which included approximately 1600 from donors 50 years old or older and testing with a Wantai IgG anti-HEV ELISA, reactive frequencies ranged from approximately 16% for 50-to 55-year-old donors to approximately 44% for those between 80 and 93 years old. 19 Incident infections are also likely to be frequent in older men 53 ; although the frequency of incident HEV exposures among RADAR patient-recipients was higher than that reported for general populations, 1,53 our data may reflect higher incidence in an older and predominantly male RADAR population. 20 During recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the risk of transmitting HEV by transfusion outside of the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Among 574 blood donors greater than 45 years old who were sampled during 2006 at the NIH CC, 30% had IgG anti‐HEV detected by a Wantai ELISA that was likely to be similar to the ELISA we used. In a study of more recently collected (during 2015) ARC samples, which included approximately 1600 from donors 50 years old or older and testing with a Wantai IgG anti‐HEV ELISA, reactive frequencies ranged from approximately 16% for 50‐ to 55‐year‐old donors to approximately 44% for those between 80 and 93 years old . Incident infections are also likely to be frequent in older men; although the frequency of incident HEV exposures among RADAR patient‐recipients was higher than that reported for general populations, our data may reflect higher incidence in an older and predominantly male RADAR population …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…A study of 18,829 American Red Cross (ARC) donation samples, collected during 2013, identified 2 (0.01%) with HEV RNA, 7.7% with IgG anti‐HEV, and 0.58% with IgM anti‐HEV . Another study of ARC donors, 5040 who were sampled in 2015, detected IgG anti‐HEV among 11.4%; 0.18% had IgM anti‐HEV detected by each of three assays, among which there was only 22% agreement . HEV transmission in these US studies could not be assessed, however, because donations were not linked to blood product recipients.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Probable transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) via transfusion in the United States

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can inapparently infect blood donors. To assess transfusion transmission of HEV in the United States, which has not been documented, a donor‐recipient repository was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To identify donations that contained HEV RNA and were linked to patient‐recipients with antibody evidence of HEV exposure, we assayed samples from the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) Allogeneic Donor and Recipient repository that represents 13,201 linked donations and 3384 transfused patients. Posttransfusion samples, determined to contain IgG anti‐HEV by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, were reassayed along with corresponding pretransfusion samples for seroconversion (incident exposure) or at least fourfold IgG anti‐HEV increase (reexposure). HEV‐exposed patients were linked to donations in which HEV RNA was then detected by reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, confirmed by transcription‐mediated amplification, and phylogenetically analyzed as subgenomic cDNA sequences. RESULTS Among all patients, 19 of 1036 (1.8%) who had IgG anti‐HEV before transfusion were reexposed; 40 of 2348 (1.7%) without pretransfusion IgG anti‐HEV seroconverted. These 59 patients were linked to 257 donations, 1 of which was positive by reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and transcription‐mediated amplification. Plasma from this donation contained 5.5 log IU/mL of HEV RNA that grouped with HEV genotype 3, clade 3abchij. The patient‐recipient of RBCs from this donation had a greater than eightfold IgG increase; however, clinical data are unavailable. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of probable HEV transmission via transfusion in the United States, although it has been frequently observed in Europe and Japan. Additional data on the magnitude of the risk in the United States are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probable transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) via transfusion in the United States

et al. 2019

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“…Vollmer and coworkers tracked 10 healthy blood donors with asymptomatic genotype 3 HEV infection and found that viraemia could last from less than 10-52 days while IgM was detected (Wantai) from 46 to 154 days following RNA detection [31]. Thus, while anti-HEV IgM may represent a marker of recent HEV infection, its detection (absent HEV RNA) could not be used as a reliable screening marker [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus infection in Hong Kong blood donors

Tsoi¹,

Zhu

et al. 2019

Vox Sanguinis

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Background and Objectives In Hong Kong, the dominant circulating hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype is type 4, which can cause more severe clinical consequences than type 3. The aim of this study was to determine the HEV prevalence in Hong Kong blood donors. Materials and MethodsUnlinked donation samples (n = 10 000) collected in March to May 2015 were tested for HEV RNA using the Procleix HEV assay in an individual donation format (IDT). A subset of 2000 samples were tested for IgG and IgM anti-HEV using the Wantai enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nucleic acid testing (NAT) initial reactive results were retested once, and repeatedly reactive donations were subjected to alternative molecular procedures as confirmation tests.Results One in 5000 Hong Kong blood donors was positive for HEV RNA (0Á02%). The two RNA positive samples were also IgG and IgM anti-HEV positive. One of the two RNA positive donors could be sequenced revealing genotype type 4. Anti-HEV seroprevalence was estimated as 15Á5% among all donors. IgG anti-HEV positive rate for age group 16-20 was 3Á1%, and it increased with age to 43Á1% for age group 51-60. Sero-positivity was higher in males (male donors 18Á1% vs. female donors 13Á2%), but it was mostly due to the difference in a specific age group (41-50).Conclusion Hepatitis E virus RNA positive rate of 0Á02% was within the reported range of HEV RNA frequency in developed countries. One donor was confirmed to be genotype 4, which is the dominant genotype in circulation in Hong Kong.

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The evaluation of potential global impact of the N501Y mutation in SARS‐COV‐2 positive patients

Komurcu

Artik

Cesur

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Rapid and reliable detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mutations are significant to control the contagion and spread rate of the virus. We aimed to evaluate the N501Y mutation rate in randomly chosen positive patients with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The evaluation and analysis of the data with a retrospective approach in cases with mutations, in terms of public health, will contribute to the literature on the global pandemic that affects our society. Public health authorities will take the necessary precautions and evaluate the current situation. The N501Y mutation was detected in patients with positive Covid-19 PCR test results. The positive samples were examined based on the 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) channel in reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) quantitation cycle (Cq) values as low Cq (<25), medium Cq (25-32), and high Cq (32-38) groups. In the study, 2757 (19.7%) of 13 972 cases were detected as mutation suspects and 159 (5.8%) of them were found to have mutations. The ages of the cases with mutations ranged from 1 to 88 years (mean age of 40.99 ± 17.55). 49.7% (n = 79) of the cases with mutations were male, and 50.3% (n = 80) were female. When the RT-PCR-Cq results were examined, it was seen that it varied between 11.3 and 35.03, with an average of 20.75 ± 3.32. K E Y W O R D S coronavirus, N501Y mutation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), SARS-CoV-2 alpha, gamma, and delta-coronavirus. 6 SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV are the type beta of coronavirus and only affected on

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Disparities in detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus in US blood donor samples using commercial assays

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Probable transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) via transfusion in the United States

Probable transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) via transfusion in the United States

Hepatitis E virus infection in Hong Kong blood donors

The evaluation of potential global impact of the N501Y mutation in SARS‐COV‐2 positive patients

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