“…Despite huge advances in science, technology, and medical equipment, numerous concerns grow over healthcare workers (HCWs) since they are exposed to a wide range of chemical, biological, mechanical, physical, and psychological hazards due to the nature of their work. The presence of different hazards in hospitals is repeatedly mentioned in many studies; for example, electric shock due to increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic equipment such as electrocardiogram and electric suction devices (1), chemical hazards observed after being exposed to disinfectants, cleaning compounds, drugs, mercury, and anesthetic gases (2,3), fire and explosion caused by increasing fire risks with the development of vertical buildings (4), as well as the use of pressure devices and heaters (5,6), slips and falls due to unsafe surfaces (7), exposure to radia-tion following the use of radiant and radioactive materials for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (7), hospital waste produced by microorganisms (8,9), injury with needles and sharp objects accompanied by contamination with pathogens including hepatitis B, C, and human immunodeficiency viruses (10), respiratory disorders and lung function impairments due to exposure to chemical and bioaerosols (11), musculoskeletal disorders as one of the most common causes of absenteeism and injury among HCWs particularly females (12,13), and psychological risks such as job stress (14), shiftwork (15), and violence in the workplace (16).…”