Disjoint Multipath Scheme with Hole Detouring Strategy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy-Efficient and Disjoint Multipath Using Face Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…This section introduces related studies for bypassing the hole area in multipath studies. In the hole area, it is impossible to communicate between each sensor [8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17]28]. A hole area can be generated because of sensor deployment in WSNs.…”

“…Multipath research in WSNs uses various strategies to improve the reliability of transmission from a source node to a destination, i.e., multipath research tries to improve reliability using several perspectives, such as path redundancy, which provides opportunities to deliver packets to a network gateway, and load-balancing for data traffic over a network. Among several multipath research issues, one of the important multipath research issues is a disjoint characteristic that maintains the spacing between multiple generated paths [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The so-called disjoint multipath means that this multipath does not exploit the same nodes or links as other generated multipaths.…”

“…Since face routing exploits a maze escape method that reaches an exit by continuing to move in a selected direction in the maze, this node searches the candidate nodes in a determined routing direction in the generated local graphs. However, in multipath generation, when a node encounters a hole area, all multipaths overlap using the same path around a hole area due to a face routing scheme [16]. Although this situation transmits data packets to a destination by detouring a hole area, it has a path overlap problem that destroys the disjoint feature of multipath in a hole area.…”

“…To solve this problem, multipath research maintains the disjoint feature using additional methods in hole areas. One of the multipath studies that avoids the hole area is the robust disjoint multipath routing scheme (RDM), which undertakes hole modeling to avoid hole areas [16,17]. However, due to hole modeling, RDM requires a lot of overhead from the sensor nodes, which have limited resources.…”

“…In performance evaluation, the proposed scheme compares and analyzes two studies in a given simulation environment. One is reference [16,17], which performs the hole-modeling process to bypass the hole area, and the other is the reference [28], which performs face routing to detour the hole area. As a result of the simulation, the proposed scheme has less energy consumption and less delay time than the two comparison targets, because it mainly uses greedy forwarding around the identified hole-detour area.…”