Disease resistance in plants: The road to phytoalexins and beyond

Kőmíves, Tamás; Király, Zoltán

doi:10.19040/ecocycles.v5i1.132

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The quantification of protease activities also showed high HR in the maize seedling stressed with BIPOL SD (OD 0.6 ) only. As the HR triggered in host plant due to microbe interaction, cell death inducing substances are biosynthesized known as phytoalexins (Komives and Kiraly, 2019). We determined four phytoalexins commonly found in maize as Zealexins A4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays

Yousaf

Hussain

Hamayun

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

16Besides acting as growth inducing molecule, Gibberellin (GA 3 ) also confers the compatibility 17 of microbial interactions with host. We inoculated 11 days old Z. mays seedlings grown under 18 hydroponic conditions and high GA 3 levels with Bipolaris sorokiniana (BIPOL) at the spore 19 density (SD) of OD 0.6 . The high level of GA 3 negatively affected the growth of the seedlings, 20 accompanied by the high level of stress deducing secondary metabolites (proline, total 21 flavanoids, phenylpropanoids, and glucosinolides). Moreover, high level of GA 3 produced a 22 hypersensitive response (HR) in the seedlings. The HR developed cross talks with IAA and 23 trans-zeatins and triggered higher production of hypersensitive inducing biomolecules. The 24 other HR co-related biological processes were demonstrated by high phytoalexins level and 25 high protease activities. Such activities ultimately inhibited the colonization of BIPOL on the 26 roots of maize seedlings. The products of the genes expressed at high GA 3 also conferred the 27 deterrence of BIPOL colonization at SD = OD 0.6 . Intriguingly, when we inhibited GA 3 28 biosynthesis in the seedlings with aerially sprayed uniconizole, prior to BIPOL treatment, the 29 BIPOL colonized and subsequently promoted the seedling growth. This low level of GA 3 30 after BIPOL treatment checked the high level of secondary metabolites and hypersensitivity 31 inducing molecules. The results, thus suggested that the aforementioned processes only 32 happened in the BIPOL at SD (OD 0.6 ), whereas the SD at lower levels (OD 0.2 or OD 0.4 ) 33 neither promoted the growth of uniconizole pre-treated seedlings nor produced HR in control 34 seedlings of maize plant.35

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays

Yousaf

Hussain

Hamayun

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ample evidence supporting the indispensable function of antimicrobial phytoalexins in the plant patho-system has been exemplified by mutations in phytoalexin biosynthetic genes, leading to compromised phytoalexin biosynthesis but enhanced plant susceptibility to pathogens (Dixon, 2001;Thomma, Nelissen, et al, 1999). To date, the biosynthetic pathway of certain phytoalexins has been sufficiently delineated and indicates that the induction of phytoalexins is associated with the modification of certain key signaling molecules or TFs (Komives & Kiraly, 2019;Mao et al, 2011). The WRKY proteins are a family of plant-specific transcriptional regulators containing several highly conserved WRKY domains and one novel C-terminal zinc-finger motif.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual function of VvWRKY18 transcription factor in the β‐aminobutyric acid‐activated priming defense in grapes

Wang

Lei

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Induction of phytoalexin production after invading pathogens is recognized as an essential aspect of the plant-induced resistance. The WRKY family includes plantspecific transcriptional factors associated with plant defense responses, but the comprehensive mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we attempted to elaborate the regulatory function of VvWRKY18 from the group IIa of WRKY transcription factor (TF) from Vitis vinifera, in the regulation of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-activated stilbene phytoalexins biosynthesis and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) genes expressions in grapes. BABA at 10 mmol L −1 triggered a priming protection in grapes and conferred a potentiation of the expression levels of VvWRKY18, VvNPR1, and several salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes, which was accompanied by enhanced stilbene production upon Botrytis cinerea infection. In addition, a physical interaction between VvWRKY18 and the regulatory protein VvNPR1 was detected in vivo and in vitro by yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H), pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP) assays. Furthermore, yeast-1-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays indicated that VvWRKY18 activated the transcription of STILBENE SYNTHASE (STS) genes, including VvSTS1 and VvSTS2, by directly binding the W-box elements within the specific promoters and resultantly enhancing stilbene phytoalexins biosynthesis. Further investigation demonstrated that heterologous expression of VvWRKY18 elevated the transcriptions of STS and PR genes, thus contributing to potentiating the defense of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants and resultantly inhibiting B. cinerea invasion. Hence, VvWRKY18 serves as a singular effector involved in the synthesis of stilbene phytoalexins in grapes and its interaction with VvNPR1 provided DNA binding ability required for VvNPR1 to initiate systemic acquired resistance (SAR) defense. | INTRODUCTIONGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has considerable commercial importance worldwide in terms of its pleasant flavor and abundant phytonutrient composition (Dai et al., 2011). However, postharvest grape fruit has a limited shelf-life, which is mainly attributable to the invasion of pathogens and gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea (Pers.: Fr), which is thought to be one of the most serious diseases that occurs during the postharvest period (Feliziani et al., 2013). This necrotrophic fungus mainly secretes various cell wall-degrading enzymes and mycotoxins to infect grapevines or berries (Gabler et al., 2003). The persistent use of chemical fungicides on grapevines to control gray mold rot is effective, but the development of resistant strains has also occurred. In addition, the frequent use of fungicides has given rise to considerable negative impacts on environmental and public health; thus, ecocompatible options for replacing the harmful fungicides for suppression of gray mold rot in grape berries are urgently needed (Katan, 2017).

show abstract

“…The disease in practice may managed by the use of disease resistance seed (Motagi et al, 2020), destruction of plant debris (Davidson and Kimber, 2007), foliar and seed dressing chemicals (Vafaei et al, 2015;Ejeta et al, 2017) and plant host resistance (Ahmad et al, 2006;Malik et al, 2006;Zhou et al, 2019). Since various bio-chemical factors like phytoalexins (Komives and Kiraly, 2019), phenolic compounds (Gillmeister et al, 2019), amino acids (Sun et al, 2019) and minerals contribute (Cheng et al, 2020) to resistance of host plants against their pathogens. Lots of information regarding the role of different biochemical substance in resistance against A. rabiei are available like Sarwar et al (2001) reported maximum PAL activity was record 12~24 h after inoculation in the resistant chickpea cultivar, while it took about 5~9 days in the susceptible cultivar yet very few reports are available on the role of induced resistance in chickpea against A. rabiei and its effect on biochemical factors of induced plant.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Amino Acid Contents in Chickpea Cultivars in Response to Ascochyta rabiei Infection

Ghazanfar¹,

Wakil²,

Sahi³

et al. 2021

SJA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metabolic changes that took place during host-pathogen interaction have been poorly investigated. Although photosynthesis disturbance and carbon metabolism re-programming have been studied yet, there is scary of data on plant amino acids after induction of resistance. Here we investigated the amino acid contents in induced and un-inoculated and invaded region after induction of resistance. The quantities of methionine, iso-leucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine contents in three (Pb-91, C-44 and Bittle-98) chickpea cultivars increased after induction and stress of A. rabiei and comparatively higher than induced unstressed plants. The increase was more evident in case of Bion treatment as compared to all other treatments with SA and KOH. Similar trend was shown by plant extracts where in neem extract induced higher amino acid contents. The cultivar C-44 responds efficiently as compared with other two cultivars. The results of the current study showed that amino acids play significant role in resistance and susceptibility of chickpea cultivars against A. rabiei.

show abstract

Disease resistance in plants: The road to phytoalexins and beyond

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays

Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays

Dual function of VvWRKY18 transcription factor in the β‐aminobutyric acid‐activated priming defense in grapes

Variation in Amino Acid Contents in Chickpea Cultivars in Response to Ascochyta rabiei Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About