Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays

Abstract

16Besides acting as growth inducing molecule, Gibberellin (GA 3 ) also confers the compatibility 17 of microbial interactions with host. We inoculated 11 days old Z. mays seedlings grown under 18 hydroponic conditions and high GA 3 levels with Bipolaris sorokiniana (BIPOL) at the spore 19 density (SD) of OD 0.6 . The high level of GA 3 negatively affected the growth of the seedlings, 20 accompanied by the high level of stress deducing secondary metabolites (proline, total 21 flavanoids, phenylpropanoids, and glucosinolides). Moreover, high level of GA 3 produced a 22 hypersensitive response (HR) in the seedlings. The HR developed cross talks with IAA and 23 trans-zeatins and triggered higher production of hypersensitive inducing biomolecules. The 24 other HR co-related biological processes were demonstrated by high phytoalexins level and 25 high protease activities. Such activities ultimately inhibited the colonization of BIPOL on the 26 roots of maize seedlings. The products of the genes expressed at high GA 3 also conferred the 27 deterrence of BIPOL colonization at SD = OD 0.6 . Intriguingly, when we inhibited GA 3 28 biosynthesis in the seedlings with aerially sprayed uniconizole, prior to BIPOL treatment, the 29 BIPOL colonized and subsequently promoted the seedling growth. This low level of GA 3 30 after BIPOL treatment checked the high level of secondary metabolites and hypersensitivity 31 inducing molecules. The results, thus suggested that the aforementioned processes only 32 happened in the BIPOL at SD (OD 0.6 ), whereas the SD at lower levels (OD 0.2 or OD 0.4 ) 33 neither promoted the growth of uniconizole pre-treated seedlings nor produced HR in control 34 seedlings of maize plant.35

Genomic analysis for heat and combined heat–drought resilience in bread wheat under field conditions

“…S3) (Pearce et al 2015). Similar expression patterns were reported in its orthologs in Z. mays (Zm00001d007894, Yousaf et al 2019), Oryza sativa L. (LOC_Os07g07420, Qin et al 2013), andHordeum vulgare L. (HORVU3Hr1G089980, Betts et al 2020) indicating a similar function of these genes among members of the grass family. Moreover, as the candidate genes were found at a distance less than the LD decay (LD decay for D genome = 1.1 Mbp, for AB genome = 131 Mbp), they may be useful for further breeding.…”