Disease burden of enterovirus 71 in rural central China: A community-based survey

Gan, Zhengkai; Jin, Hui; Li, Jingxin; Yao, Xuejun; Zhou, Yang; Zhang, Xuefeng; Zhu, Fengcai

doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1059980

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, the loss of disability-adjusted life years of the two disease forms were, respectively 3.47 and 1.76 person-years per 1000 persons in rural central China, from 2011 to 2013, and the cost of illness for EV-A71-associated disease in China was estimated as >$450 million in 2013. 82 Two reports forecasted that routine immunization with a 70% or 90% efficacious EV-A71 vaccine sold at $25 or $75 per dose, respectively, would be of great economic value. 83, 84 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EV-A71 vaccine licensure: a first step for multivalent enterovirus vaccine to control HFMD and other severe diseases

Mao

Wang

Bian

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Enteroviruses (EVs) are the most common viral agents in humans. Although most infections are mild or asymptomatic, there is a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that may be caused by EV infections with varying degrees of severity. Among these viruses, EV-A71 and coxsackievirus (CV) CV-A16 from group A EVs attract the most attention because they are responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Other EV-A viruses such as CV-A6 and CV-A10 were also reported to cause HFMD outbreaks in several countries or regions. Group B EVs such as CV-B3, CV-B5 and echovirus 30 were reported to be the main pathogens responsible for myocarditis and encephalitis epidemics and were also detected in HFMD patients. Vaccines are the best tools to control infectious diseases. In December 2015, China's Food and Drug Administration approved two inactivated EV-A71 vaccines for preventing severe HFMD.The CV-A16 vaccine and the EV-A71-CV-A16 bivalent vaccine showed substantial efficacy against HFMD in pre-clinical animal models. Previously, research on EV-B group vaccines was mainly focused on CV-B3 vaccine development. Because the HFMD pathogen spectrum has changed, and the threat from EV-B virus-associated severe diseases has gradually increased, it is necessary to develop multivalent HFMD vaccines. This study summarizes the clinical symptoms of diseases caused by EVs, such as HFMD, myocarditis and encephalitis, and the related EV vaccine development progress. In conclusion, developing multivalent EV vaccines should be strongly recommended to prevent HFMD, myocarditis, encephalitis and other severe diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EV-A71 vaccine licensure: a first step for multivalent enterovirus vaccine to control HFMD and other severe diseases

Mao

Wang

Bian

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…Although this proportion was much lower than those of tuberculosis (0.094%) and AIDS (0.07%) [33][34] , the average economic loss per H7N9 case was still huge (RMB 64 676 or US$ 10 009 per case for direct medical cost, and RMB 289 192 or US$ 46 431 per case for indirect cost), which was 4.02 times of the per capita GDP of Jiangsu (in 2015) [22] . The average medical cost per H7N9 case was significantly higher than that of communityacquired pneumonia (RMB 12 147.97 or US$ 1 950.42) [35] , tuberculosis (RMB 6 598.3 or US$ 1 059.39) [36] , hepatitis B virus (RMB 28 971 or US$ 4 651.44) [37] and hand-foot-and-mouth disease (RMB 3 196.54 to 13 387.76 or US$ 513.22 to 2 149.47) [38] . When using the DALY and human-capital approach to evaluate the total economic burden (direct and indirect) of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in China, the total economic loss per case was found to be RMB 43 000 (US$ 6 903.86) [39] , which was also much lower than that of human H7N9 infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the actual disease burden of human H7N9 infection in Jiangsu of eastern China from March 2013 to September 2017

Huang¹,

Ma²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

J Biomed Res

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The actual incidence of human H7N9 infection is supposed to be much higher than the documented laboratoryconfirmed cases. In this study, we estimated the number of the actual H7N9 cases in Jiangsu, China using a probabilistic multiplier model. Then, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), direct and indirect economic loss caused by this disease were calculated and analyzed. Till September 2017, the estimated total number of H7N9 cases was 2 952 [median, 90% probability range (PR): 1 487−22 094], which was 11.8 times (5.9−88.4) as large as the reported number. The median morbidity was estimated to be 4 (90% PR: 2−29) per 100 000 population. The total DALYs loss was 16 548 years, and the total economic loss (direct and indirect) was estimated to be RMB 1 044 618 758 (US$ 16.7 M). The average economic loss for per case and for per year was RMB 353 868 (US$ 56 440) and RMB 232 137 502 (US$ 37.0 M), respectively. The actual burden of human H7N9 infections was much heavier than what was documented. Our study provided an approach to estimate actual burden of infectious diseases using laboratory-confirmation.

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“…5 Other causative agents include enterovirus 71 (E71), which is the second-most common cause of HFMD, but has recently displayed more severe manifestations involving neurologic sequelae that, in some cases, lead to death. [89][90][91] Another causative agent is CVA6, which has been emerging as an increasingly common enteroviral pathogen and is associated with more significant morbidity. 5 Sudden papulovesicular eruptions with perilesional erythema on the hands and feet and intraoral ulcerations are the typical characteristic appearances of HFMD caused by E71.…”

Section: Zikamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations

Nawas

Tong

Kollipara

et al. 2016

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Disease burden of enterovirus 71 in rural central China: A community-based survey

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

EV-A71 vaccine licensure: a first step for multivalent enterovirus vaccine to control HFMD and other severe diseases

EV-A71 vaccine licensure: a first step for multivalent enterovirus vaccine to control HFMD and other severe diseases

Estimation of the actual disease burden of human H7N9 infection in Jiangsu of eastern China from March 2013 to September 2017

Emerging infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations

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