Discrimination and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity Correlation of Ajwa Dates from Different Grades and Origin

Abstract

This study was aimed at examining the variations in the metabolite constituents of the different Ajwa grades and farm origins. It is also targeted at establishing the correlations between the metabolite contents and the grades and further to the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Identification of the metabolites was generated using 1 H-NMR spectroscopy metabolomics analyses utilizing multivariate methods. The NO inhibitory activity was determined using a Griess assay. Multivariate data analysis, for both supervised and unsupervised approaches, showed clusters among different grades of Ajwa dates obtained from different farms. The compounds that contribute towards the observed separation between Ajwa samples were suggested to be phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and phenylalanine. Ajwa dates were shown to have different metabolite compositions and exhibited a wide range of NO inhibitory activity. It is also revealed that Ajwa Grade 1 from the al-Aliah farm exhibited more than 90% NO inhibitory activity compared to the other grades and origins. Phenolic compounds were among the compounds that played a role towards the greater capacity of NO inhibitory activity shown by Ajwa Grade 1 from the al-Aliah farm.

Metabolite characterization of different palm date varieties and the correlation with their NO inhibitory activity, texture and sweetness

“…The dried date fruits (1 g) were extracted by stirring with 30 mL of methanol at room temperature for 24 h. The extracts were then filtered using Whatman filter paper No 1 in a Buchner funnel, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness with a rotary evaporator at 40°C and freeze dried. All samples were stored in the dark at 4°C until further analysis (Abdul-Hamid et al 2016). Moisture content was clarified based on sample weight loss after the oven drying treatment at 110°C for overnight following AOAC method 920.87 (2005).…”

Characterization of Metabolite Profile in Phyllanthus niruri and Correlation with Bioactivity Elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Metabolomics

“…The extraction with various solvents is also an aspect of the variance in the benefit and amount of metabolites [ 6 , 15 , 16 ]. Metabolomics is based on several techniques to measure variation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the leading analytical techniques for monitoring and discriminating these differences in several scientific areas [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) have proved to be suitable for examining the metabolites’ composition and changes as well as simultaneously quantifying a range of metabolites, altering or contributing to that of automated analysis.…”