Characterization of Metabolite Profile in Phyllanthus niruri and Correlation with Bioactivity Elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Metabolomics

Abstract

Phyllanthus niruri is an important medicinal plant. To standardize the extract and guarantee its maximum benefit, processing methods optimization ought to be amenable and beneficial. Herein, three dried P. niruri samples, air (AD), freeze (FD) and oven (OD), extracted with various ethanol to water ratios (0%, 50%, 70%, 80% and 100%) were evaluated for their metabolite changes using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics approach. The amino acids analysis showed that FD P. niruri exhibited higher content of most amino acids compared to the other dried samples. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the FD P. niruri extracted with 80% ethanol contained higher amounts of hypophyllanthin and phenolic compounds based on the loading plot. The partial least-square (PLS) results showed that the phytochemicals, including hypophyllanthin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin and chlorogenic, caffeic, malic and gallic acids were correlated with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which were higher in the FD material extracted with 80% ethanol. This report optimized the effect of drying and ethanol ratios and these findings demonstrate that NMR-based metabolomics was an applicable approach. The FD P. niruri extracted with 80% ethanol can be used as afunctional food ingredient for nutraceutical or in medicinal preparation.

Investigation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Metabolites from Tetracera scandens Leaves by GC–MS Metabolite Profiling and Docking Studies

“…The great advancements of sequencing techniques, high-throughput analytical platforms and chemometric Biomolecules 2020, 10, 287 2 of 17 tools that have taken place over the past few decades stood behind the emergence and prosperity of the omics technologies [3]. Recently, metabolomics has become a routine approach in studies aiming to evaluate the activities of medicinal plants or to characterize the metabolites responsible for such activities [4][5][6][7]. Classical methods for determination of the active plant metabolites rely on the activity-guided fractionation and purification techniques.…”

Phytochemical composition, β‐glucuronidase inhibition, and antioxidant properties of two fractions of Piper betle leaf aqueous extract

“…Nowadays, attentions are being paid on the bioactivities and functional metabolites present in food plants, in addition to their nutritional importance. Metabolomics and chemometric study has been applied recently for identification of bioactive components in plants and plant products (Maree, Kamatou, Gibbons, Viljoen, & Vuuren, ; Mediani et al, ; Yuliana, Budijanto, Verpoorte, & Choi, ) including food plants such as Achras sapota (Das et al, ), Morus alba (Yuliana, Rosa, Budijanto, Verpoorte, & Choi, ), grapes (Ali et al, ), and red wine (Ali et al, ). In this paper, chemometric study revealed identification of a number of metabolites showing β‐glucuronidase inhibitory activities from P .…”

Quality Evaluation of Wild and Cultivated Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis

“…PCA and PLS-DA were used to evaluate the variations of the two types of wuweizi according to the contents of the 15 components. PCA is an unsupervised pattern recognition method used for analyzing, classifying, and reducing the dimensionality of numerical datasets in a multivariate problem [20,21], and it has been widely used for the quality control of herbal medicines [22,23,24]. PLS-DA is good for highlighting the differences between two groups.…”