Discrimination against Foreigners: The Wuerttemberg Patent Law in Administrative Practice

Lehmann‐Hasemeyer, Sibylle; Streb, Jochen

doi:10.1017/s0022050720000479

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…By contrast, intentional discrimination relates to disparate treatment of a specific group of applicants. Lehmann-Hasemeyer and Streb (2018) offer an interesting account of intentional discrimination in the German state of Wuerttemberg in the 19th century.…”

Section: Open Questions In the Search For Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination Against Foreigners in the U.S. Patent System

Rassenfosse

Hosseini

2020

SSRN Journal

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Inventions of foreign origin are about ten percentage points less likely to be granted a U.S. patent than domestic inventions. An empirical analysis of 1.5 million U.S. patent applications identifies three systematic differences between foreign and domestic patent applications that partly explain this bias. They include differences in patent agents, financial resources of the applicants, and the level of effort that applicants put into the prosecution process. We find no evidence of disparate treatment ('intentional discrimination') of foreigners. Instead, our evidence points to a disparate impact ('unintentional discrimination') of the U.S. patent system on foreign inventors. Our results suggest unequal access to the patent system for foreigners compared to locals (but also for small U.S. firms). Giving examiners the power of (truly) rejecting a patent application may be one solution to level the playing field between foreigners and locals, but also between large and small firms.

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Section: Open Questions In the Search For Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination Against Foreigners in the U.S. Patent System

Rassenfosse

Hosseini

2020

SSRN Journal

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“… 64 Another interesting case of the successful use of discriminatory measures against foreign inventors in the first half of the nineteenth century is the German state of Wuerttemberg (Lehmann-Hasemeyer and Streb 2020). …”

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British-French Technology Transfer from the Revolution to Louis Philippe (1791–1844): Evidence from Patent Data

Nuvolari

Tortorici²,

Vasta³

2023

J. Econ. Hist.

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This paper examines the patterns of technology transfer from Britain to France during the early phases of industrializing using a dataset comprising all patents granted in France in the period 1791–1844. Exploiting the peculiarities of French legislation, we construct an array of patent quality indicators and investigate their determinants. We find that patents filed by British inventors or French inventors with personal connections to British inventors were of relatively higher quality. Overall, our results show that the French innovation system was capable of attracting and effectively absorbing key technologies from Britain.

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The Cliometric Study of Innovations

Streb

2024

Handbook of Cliometrics

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Discrimination against Foreigners: The Wuerttemberg Patent Law in Administrative Practice

Abstract: In the second half of the nineteenth century, the patent office of the German state Wuerttemberg strategically discriminated against foreign inventors by charging comparatively high patent fees. We show that this administrative practice was driven by fiscal and protectionist motives.

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Discrimination Against Foreigners in the U.S. Patent System

Discrimination Against Foreigners in the U.S. Patent System

British-French Technology Transfer from the Revolution to Louis Philippe (1791–1844): Evidence from Patent Data

The Cliometric Study of Innovations

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