Discovery of novel prostaglandin analogs as potent and selective EP2/EP4 dual agonists

Prostaglandin E2 inhibits in‐vitro mineral deposition by human periodontal ligament cells via modulating the expression of TWIST1 and RUNX2

“…It has been reported that PGE2 induces RUNX2 expression and mineralization via EP2 and EP4 in rat and mouse bone marrow cultures . In addition, EP2 and EP4 agonists increased bone formation in an animal model . EP2 and EP4 have also been shown to participate in PGE2‐induced bone resorption .…”

“…Among the four subtypes of EP receptor, EP2 and EP4 are the main receptors that participate in mineralized tissue homeostasis. The application of EP2 and EP4 agonists has been demonstrated to either induce or inhibit bone formation (21,(36)(37)(38)(39). Therefore, the exact role of each of these two receptors remains unclear.…”

A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of (15R)-Latanoprost from Chiral Precursor Corey Lactone Diol

“…furan-2-one (10): To a stirred solution of compound 9 (25 g, 1 mmol) in methanol (250 mL) NaBH 4 (4.56 g, 2 mmol) and nickel chloride hexa hydrate (1.43 g, 0.1 mmol) was added at 0 • C and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at the same temperature. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was quenched with ammonium chloride solution at 0 • C. Organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure, aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 250 mL) and organic layer washed with brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford compound 10 as a colorless liquid (25 g, 99.04%).…”

Anti-tumor activities of lipids and lipid analogues and their development as potential anticancer drugs

“…Introduction of cycloalkyl, phenyl (Elworthy et al, 2004;Zhao et al, 2007) and heterocyclic (Elworthy et al, 2004;Kambe et al, 2012) groups adjacent to the carboxylic acid have also been used to block β-oxidation. A prostanoid derivative bearing a cyclobutylene adjacent to the carboxylic acid group (Table 3, entry 8) had a sixfold improvement in half-life following oral administration, as well as greater in vitro biological activity (Matsumura et al, 1995).…”

“…Robust PGE 2 -type analogues have also been prepared through substitution of the native ring system with heterocycles. Thus, γ-lactam (Table 3, entries 6 and 9) (Elworthy et al, 2004;Cameron et al, 2006;Kambe et al, 2012) and pyrazolidinone (Zhao et al, 2007) systems have been used to improve chemical and metabolic stability and to produce analogues with higher EP receptor subtype selectivity. Stable analogues of PGE 3 , the COX-2/PGE synthase-derived product of ω−3 EPA biotransformation, could have value in anticancer drug development.…”