TiO(2) and different Cu wt% loaded TiO(2) (TC(0.5-5.0)), 10 wt% TC(2.0) supported on molecular sieve 5A (10 wt% TC(2.0)/MS) were prepared by impregnation and solid-state dispersion methods. The photocatalysts prepared were characterized using XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis DRS, TEM, XPS spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic reduction of CO(2) in water and alkaline solution are investigated in a batch reactor. The yield of oxalic acid increased notably when TC was supported on molecular sieve. The Cu-TiO(2) supported on molecular sieve catalyst promotes the charge separation that leads to an increase in the selective formation of oxalic acid in addition to methanol, acetic acid and traces of methane. The product formation is due to the high adsorption of CO(2), water and product shape selectivity of the composite photocatalyst. The maximum yield of oxalic acid was found to be 65.6 μg h(-1) g(-1) per cat using 0.2 N NaOH containing solution over 10 wt% TC(2.0)/MS photocatalyst. The difference in the photocatalytic activity is related to its physicochemical properties.
Solar light induced interfacial charge transfer of electrons from TiO2 to CuO in a water-glycerol mixture produced 99,823 μmol h(-1) g(-1)catalyst of hydrogen gas. The dispersed CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst in solution exhibited uni-directional electron flow and capture at the Schottky barrier facilitating charge separation and electron transfer resulting in enhanced H2 production performance.
Various 3-indolyl-3-hydroxy oxindoles were prepared for the first time by supramolecular catalysis involving the reaction of beta-CD:isatin complexes with indoles under neutral conditions in water. beta-Cyclodextrin can be recovered and reused a number of times without loss of activity.
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