Discovery of Centrosomal RNA and Centrosomal Hypothesis of Cellular Ageing and Differentiation

Abstract

In 2006, a group of scientists studying centrosomes of Spisula solidissima mollusc oocytes under the leadership of Alliegro (Alliegro, M.C.; Alliegro, M.A.; Palazzo, R.E. Centrosome-associated RNA in surf clam oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103(24), 9034-9038) reliably demonstrated the existence of specific RNA in centrosome, called centrosomal RNA (cnRNA). In their first article, five different RNAs (cnRNAs 11, 102, 113, 170, and 184) were described. During the process of full sequencing of the first transcript (cnRNA 11), it was discovered that the transcript contained a conserved structure-a reverse transcriptase domain located together with the most important centrosomal protein, γ-tubulin. In an article published in 2005, we made assumptions about several possible mechanisms for determining the most important functions of centrosomal structures and referred to one of them as a "RNA-dependent mechanism." This idea about participation of hypothetic centrosomal small interference RNA and/or microRNA in the process was made one year prior to the discovery of cnRNA by Alliegro's group. The discovery of specific RNA in a centrosome is indirect evidence of a centrosomal hypothesis of cellular ageing and differentiation. The presence of a reverse transcriptase domain in this type of RNA, together with its uniqueness and specificity, makes the centrosome a place of information storage and reproduction.

The cilium–centrosome axis in coupling cell cycle exit and cell fate

“…The composition of the cilium-centrosome complex is dynamic (Doxsey et al, 2005;Nachury and Mick, 2019) and may well be central to distinctions between cell states. Although hundreds of proteins have been found to participate in forming this signaling axis (Arslanhan et al, 2020), accumulating evidence suggests a role not only for mRNA and regulation of localized translation at the centrosome (Chichinadze et al, 2012;Doxsey et al, 2005;O'Neill et al, 2022), but also for non-coding RNAs with diverse regulatory functions (Ito et al, 2020). Nuclear-centrosomal shuttling of proteins (Johnson and Malicki, 2019) couples their functions in both interphase and mitosis.…”

Gerontology research in Georgia

“…in tumor sells) makes them totipotent, to morphogenetic status of such cells in comparison with the totipotential cells is not equal to zero. However, such transformation can suppress the initiation of the aging mechanism induced by these structures and thus make such cells replicatively “immortal” (Tkemaladze and Chichinadze 2005 ; Chichinadze and Tkemaladze 2008 ).…”