The Cilioprotist Cytoskeleton, a Model for Understanding How Cell Architecture and Pattern Are Specified: Recent Discoveries from Ciliates and Comparable Model Systems

Hufnagel, Linda A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1661-1_13

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…However, early branching eukaryotes employ a closed mitosis, which occurs without nuclear envelope breakdown. For many of these (e.g., Tetrahymena ), spindle microtubules emanate from acentriolar plaques/spindle pole bodies (SPB) embedded in the nuclear envelope and basal bodies are constructed exclusively for axoneme functions [ 77 , 78 ]. Other protozoa (e.g., Toxoplasma ) have both SPBs (centrocones) and associated centrioles [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tubulin Superfamily in Apicomplexan Parasites

et al. 2023

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Microtubules and specialized microtubule-containing structures are assembled from tubulins, an ancient superfamily of essential eukaryotic proteins. Here, we use bioinformatic approaches to analyze features of tubulins in organisms from the phylum Apicomplexa. Apicomplexans are protozoan parasites that cause a variety of human and animal infectious diseases. Individual species harbor one to four genes each for α- and β-tubulin isotypes. These may specify highly similar proteins, suggesting functional redundancy, or exhibit key differences, consistent with specialized roles. Some, but not all apicomplexans harbor genes for δ- and ε-tubulins, which are found in organisms that construct appendage-containing basal bodies. Critical roles for apicomplexan δ- and ε-tubulin are likely to be limited to microgametes, consistent with a restricted requirement for flagella in a single developmental stage. Sequence divergence or the loss of δ- and ε-tubulin genes in other apicomplexans appears to be associated with diminished requirements for centrioles, basal bodies, and axonemes. Finally, because spindle microtubules and flagellar structures have been proposed as targets for anti-parasitic therapies and transmission-blocking strategies, we discuss these ideas in the context of tubulin-based structures and tubulin superfamily properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tubulin Superfamily in Apicomplexan Parasites

et al. 2023

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“…Stage 0 (Figs. 1,12) This stage represents the non-dividing cell, whose morphology has already been described above.…”

Section: Division Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypotrichous ciliates have successfully exploited varied ecosystems, leading to a diverse species ensemble. The complex, diverse and highly organized cortical structures of these cilioprotist microorganisms reflect the adaptations for locomotion, feeding, reproduction and to survive in fluctuating environmental conditions [1]. Hypotrichs display distinct morphology and morphogenetic patterns during binary fission, conjugation and regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Morphogenesis of Pseudourostyla levis (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from River Yamuna, Delhi, India.

Gupta¹

2022

Microsphere

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The ciliated protozoa, Pseudourostyla levis was collected from river Yamuna in Delhi (India). Morphometric characterization and cortical morphogenesis during the division cycle was investigated. The ciliate Pseudourostyla measures 274µm × 80 µm in protargol stained preparations. Cortical structures include buccal, frontal and somatic ciliature. The main morphogenetic events during division cycle in P. levisincludes, partial retention of parental adoral membranelles, dedifferentiation of parental midventral cirri to form frontoventral complex and formation of marginal rows on each side from a common marginal primordium. In the present study, the morphometric comparison of the present isolate with congeners is also presented.

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Recent Advances in Ciliate Biology

Howard-Till

Kar

Fabritius

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Ciliates are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotes that vary widely in size, shape, body plan, and ecological niche. Here, we review recent research advances achieved with ciliate models. Studies on patterning and regeneration have been revived in the giant ciliate Stentor, facilitated by modern omics methods. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography have revolutionized the structural study of complex macromolecules such as telomerase, ribozymes, and axonemes. DNA elimination, gene scrambling, and mating type determination have been deciphered, revealing interesting adaptations of processes that have parallels in other kingdoms of life. Studies of common eukaryotic processes, such as intracellular trafficking, meiosis, and histone modification, reveal conservation as well as unique adaptations in these organisms that are evolutionarily distant from other models. Continual improvement of genetic and molecular tools makes ciliates accessible models for all levels of education and research. Such advances open new avenues of research and highlight the importance of ciliate research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology Volume 38 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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The Cilioprotist Cytoskeleton, a Model for Understanding How Cell Architecture and Pattern Are Specified: Recent Discoveries from Ciliates and Comparable Model Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 202 publications

The Tubulin Superfamily in Apicomplexan Parasites

The Tubulin Superfamily in Apicomplexan Parasites

Morphology and Morphogenesis of Pseudourostyla levis (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from River Yamuna, Delhi, India.

Recent Advances in Ciliate Biology

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