Disciplinary Segregation and Its Effects on In-Prison Outcomes

Salerno, Laura M.; Zgoba, Kristen M.

doi:10.1177/0032885519882326

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Direct release was operationalized either as less than 90 days between SC release and prison release (Lovell et al, 2007) or release from SC into community (Butler et al, 2019; Clark & Duwe, 2018; Lovell & Johnson, 2004). In this vein, Salerno and Zgoba’s (2019) findings suggest that the addition of a cooling-off period in a less restrictive unit before release from SC leads to less misconduct in general inmate population. Similarly, units for transitioning out of SC have begun to be tested (Cloud et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Solitary Confinement of Inmates Associated With Relapse Into Any Recidivism Including Violent Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Luigi

Dellazizzo

Giguère

et al. 2020

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Recidivism among released inmates is associated with a substantial societal burden given the financial and medical consequences of victimization. Among incarcerated North Americans, approximately 7% are housed in solitary confinement (SC). Studies show SC can lead to psychological deterioration and dispute it can effectively reduce institutional misconduct or recidivism. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the impact of SC on postrelease recidivism, which we hypothesized would increase following SC. A meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception until December 2019. Studies on adult inmates in correctional settings were included if they met an operational definition of SC, measured recidivism, and included a comparison group in general inmate population. Random-effect models were used to assess the impact of SC on multiple types of recidivism. Of the 2,713 identified records, 12 met inclusion criteria ( n = 194,078). A moderate association was found between SC and any recidivism (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [1.41, 1.97]), which persisted in controlled studies ( OR = 1.41). This association was replicated across types of recidivism comprising violence ( OR = 1.41), rearrests ( OR = 1.37), and reincarceration ( OR = 1.67). Moreover, a more recent exposure to SC increased recidivism risk ( OR = 2.02), and a dose–response relationship was found between days in SC and recidivism. The overall database presented high heterogeneity but no publication bias. Findings show a small to moderate association between SC and future crime/violence. Considering the societal costs associated with antisocial behaviors following SC, mental health and psychosocial programming facilitating inmates’ successful reentry into society should be implemented and rigorously evaluated in strong research design.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Solitary Confinement of Inmates Associated With Relapse Into Any Recidivism Including Violent Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Luigi

Dellazizzo

Giguère

et al. 2020

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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“…The results from this study found that placement in segregation had no effect on subsequent misconduct. A number of studies have reached a similar conclusion-placement in DS does not significantly affect subsequent in-prison misconduct (see for e.g., Lucas & Jones, 2017;Medrano et al, 2017;Salerno & Zgoba, 2020;Woo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Disciplinary Segregation In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Managing Violence: In-Prison Behavior Associated with Placement in an Alternative Disciplinary Segregation Program

2021

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The use of segregation continues to be at the forefront of debates on the most effective way to address violence in prisons. Concern over the negative impact of these placements has prompted correctional administrators to employ alternative strategies to reduce their segregated populations and address serious misconduct. Few studies, however, have explored the impact that these strategies have on future behavioral outcomes. To address this gap, the current study explores the effectiveness of a disciplinary segregation program reserved for those who engage in violent misconduct during their incarceration. This study employs a quasi-experimental research design to estimate the treatment effects of placement in a disciplinary segregation program on subsequent levels of institutional misconduct during a one-year follow-up. Results from this study reveal that placement in the disciplinary segregation program had no effect on subsequent levels of serious in-prison misconduct amongst participants when compared to their matched counterparts. Our findings suggest that scholars and practitioners should work to build a response to in-prison violence that starts with what is known about the causes of violence and what effectively modifies attitudes and behaviors. Future research should include rigorous measures of both program process and implementation to better identify effective forms of intervention.

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“…Beyond knowing if the inclusion of programming in these settings improves future outcomes, it is critical to document how these alternative programs operate and to document the processes responsible for observed associations (Lowenkamp et al, 2006). A growing body of research finds that placements in segregation do not reduce subsequent misconduct and instead have no effect or a potentially criminogenic effect (see, for example, Lucas & Jones, 2019; Morris, 2016; Motz et al, 2021; Salerno & Zgoba, 2020; Wildeman & Andersen, 2020; Woo et al, 2020). Correctional administrators now need to rely on alternative strategies to effectively respond to and address violent misconduct, due in part to these research findings.…”

Section: Alternative Approaches To Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining Disciplinary Segregation: Perceptions of Effective Programming Among Program Participants and Staff

Meyers

Wright

Phillips

2022

Criminal Justice Policy Review

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People who engage in violence during their incarceration create a number of challenges for those who live and work in our correctional facilities. In response, there is a growing focus on the use of short-term confinement in disciplinary segregation that includes therapeutic programming. The ability of these programs to affect future behavior, however, is mixed. To better understand why research is mixed, the current study incorporates the views and perspectives of staff and participants involved in rehabilitative efforts within a segregated housing setting. Structured interviews were carried out with 25 former program participants and 10 correctional staff who oversee the day-to-day management of a disciplinary segregation program in a U.S. prison that includes rehabilitative programming. Subject perspectives provide additional direction for the inclusion of programming in segregated housing and a note of caution for programs that are alternative in name but traditional in practice.

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Disciplinary Segregation and Its Effects on In-Prison Outcomes

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Solitary Confinement of Inmates Associated With Relapse Into Any Recidivism Including Violent Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Solitary Confinement of Inmates Associated With Relapse Into Any Recidivism Including Violent Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Managing Violence: In-Prison Behavior Associated with Placement in an Alternative Disciplinary Segregation Program

Redefining Disciplinary Segregation: Perceptions of Effective Programming Among Program Participants and Staff

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