Direct one-pot synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons from lignin with metal coordinated self-assembly

Abstract

Conventional soft template methods for synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) use unsustainable, toxic and carcinogenic phenolic compounds as carbon precursor and aldehydes as crosslinker. Lignin is a potential carbon...

Metal and Metal Oxide Supported on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as Heterogeneous Catalysts

“…OMC-supported metal NPs with a well-ordered mesostructure and uniformly dispersed NPs, including Ni, Mg, Fe, Co, and Zn in the carbon matrix, have been synthesized using lignin and nitrates as carbon and metal sources . The weakened vibrational bands of phenolic −OH at ∼3400 cm –1 in the FT-IR spectra of lignin-Ni materials demonstrated the coordination between the phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin molecules and metal ions, and the coordination effect played a significant role in the formation of the ordered mesoporous structures.…”

“…Groups in Carbon Precursors. For the synthesis of OMCsupported metals by the soft-templating route, low-polymerized phenolic resin, 92 urea, 93 urea-formaldehyde resin, 94 melamine formaldehyde resin, 95 dopamine, 96 dicyandiamide, 97 and lignin from agricultural waste sources 98 can be used as carbon sources. The functional groups contained by the carbon precursors, including phenolic hydroxyl, benzylhydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, and amine, can coordinate or bond with metal ions to help preserve the ordered mesoporous structure of the OMCs and inhibit the aggregation of metal/oxide/ carbide NPs outside the mesostructure (Figure 4a(II)).…”

Mesoporous carbon-based materials and their applications as non-precious metal electrocatalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction

“…The classical solvent evaporation induced self-assembly methodology has recently been employed to synthesise OMC using a green and sustainable strategy, where natural biopolymers, such as lignin are used. For example, Wang et al [58] combined lignin extracted from walnut shells, Pluronic F127 as the surfactant, acetone as a solvent, and a nickel salt as the crosslinking agent. The solvent was then evaporated followed by heating at 100 • C to induce further cross-linking and polymerisation before the final calcination and carbonisation steps were applied.…”

Hierarchically Porous and Orderly Mesostructured Carbon Nanorods with Excellent Supercapacitive Performance

“…Based on the morphological characteristics of one-dimensional structures that easily form conductive networks and have fast mass transfer capabilities, mesoporous carbon materials with rod-like morphologies would have broad applications in energy storage and conversion. − The template method was considered to be an effective strategy for obtaining porous carbon materials with rod-like morphologies. ,− For example, porous carbon nanorods with high supercapacitive performance have been prepared by a template method using cellulose nanocrystals or MOF precursors as carbon sources. , However, the porous carbon nanorod materials reported in the literature usually only contained micropores and partially disordered mesoporous structures. At present, the incorporation of ordered mesoporous structures in carbon materials has been achieved through different synthetic methods. − The nano-casting method using inorganic nanomaterials with ordered mesoporous structures such as mesoporous silica and molecular sieves as hard templates is a typical synthesis method for incorporating ordered mesoporous structures into carbon materials . However, this strategy often requires pre-synthesized templates, and the operation process could be time-wasting and cumbersome.…”