Direct observation of grain boundaries in graphene through vapor hydrofluoric acid (VHF) exposure

Fan, Xuge; Wagner, Stefan; Schädlich, Philip; Speck, Florian; Kataria, Satender; Haraldsson, Tommy; Seyller, Thomas; Niklaus, Frank

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar5170

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…To limit the resulting exposure time of the double-layer graphene to vapour HF to a few seconds, we carefully timed this etching step. As a result, we did not observe any negative effects of the vapour HF etching on the graphene 56 . Our entire fabrication process is compatible with commercial semiconductor and micro-electromechanical (MEMS) foundry processes and can be implemented once wafer scale graphene transfer evolves from laboratories to fabs 57,58 .…”

Section: Proof Mass Releasementioning

confidence: 58%

Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers

et al. 2019

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Nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) sensors and actuators could be of use in the development of next generation mobile, wearable, and implantable devices. However, these NEMS devices require transducers that are ultra-small, sensitive and can be fabricated at low cost. Here, we show that suspended double-layer graphene ribbons with attached silicon proof masses can be used as combined spring-mass and piezoresistive transducers. The transducers, which are realized using processes that are compatible with large-scale semiconductor manufacturing technologies, can yield NEMS accelerometers that occupy at least two orders of magnitude smaller die area than conventional state-of-the-art silicon accelerometers. With our devices, we also extract the Young's modulus values of double-layer graphene and show that the graphene ribbons have significant built-in stresses.

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Section: Proof Mass Releasementioning

confidence: 58%

Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers

et al. 2019

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“…In this regard, an in‐depth understanding of the formation mechanism of GBs in 2D materials at the atomic scale is crucial to tailor material properties in a controllable way, for example, to eliminate unwanted GBs or to create and exploit specific types of GBs. Recently, significant progress has been made on the formation, atomic structure and properties of GBs in 2D materials, but so far, these works have mainly focused on high‐symmetry 2D materials like graphene, hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoassembly Growth Model for Subdomain and Grain Boundary Formation in 1T′ Layered ReS₂

Wang

Hong

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Grain boundaries (GBs) significantly affect the electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of 2D materials. An anisotropic 2D material like ReS 2 provides unprecedented opportunities to explore novel GB properties, since the reduced lattice symmetry offers greater degrees of freedom to build new GB structures. Here the atomic structure and formation mechanism of unusual multidomain and diverse GB structures in the vapor phase synthesized ReS 2 atomic layers are reported. Using high-resolution electron microscopy, two major categories of GBs are observed in each ReS 2 domain, namely, the joint GB including three structures, and the GBs formed from a reconstruction of Re4-chains including seven different structures. Based on the experimental observations, a novel "nanoassembly growth model" is proposed to elucidate the growth process of ReS 2 , where three types of Re4-chain reconstruction give rise to a multidomain structure. Moreover, it is shown that by controlling the thermodynamics of the growth process, the structure and density of GB in the ReS 2 domain can be tailored. First-principles calculations point to interesting new properties resulting from such GBs, such as a new electron state or ferromagnetism, which are highly sought after in the construction of novel 2D devices.

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“…Consequently, due to the higher defect density, the local metallic surfaces under the 2D material grain boundaries are susceptible to preferential corrosion. For example, graphene's exposure to vapor hydrofluoric (VHF) acid has shown that VHF preferentially etches the substrate by diffusing through the grain boundaries [120]. Therefore, metal should desirably be coated with monocrystalline in lieu of polycrystalline 2D materials.…”

Section: Defects In 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ångström-Scale, Atomically Thin 2D Materials for Corrosion Mitigation and Passivation

et al. 2019

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Metal deterioration via corrosion is a ubiquitous and persistent problem. Ångstrom-scale, atomically thin 2D materials are promising candidates for effective, robust, and economical corrosion passivation coatings due to their ultimate thinness and excellent mechanical and electrical properties. This review focuses on elucidating the mechanism of 2D materials in corrosion mitigation and passivation related to their physicochemical properties and variations, such as defects, out-of-plane deformations, interfacial states, temporal and thickness variations, etc. In addition, this review discusses recent progress and developments of 2D material coatings for corrosion mitigation and passivation as well as the significant challenges to overcome in the future.

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Direct observation of grain boundaries in graphene through vapor hydrofluoric acid (VHF) exposure

Abstract: Rapid, simple, and large-area imaging of grain boundaries in CVD graphene placed on a SiO2 surface by vapor HF exposure.

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers

Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers

Nanoassembly Growth Model for Subdomain and Grain Boundary Formation in 1T′ Layered ReS₂

Ångström-Scale, Atomically Thin 2D Materials for Corrosion Mitigation and Passivation

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Direct observation of grain boundaries in graphene through vapor hydrofluoric acid (VHF) exposure

Abstract: Rapid, simple, and large-area imaging of grain boundaries in CVD graphene placed on a SiO2 surface by vapor HF exposure.

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers

Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers

Nanoassembly Growth Model for Subdomain and Grain Boundary Formation in 1T′ Layered ReS2

Ångström-Scale, Atomically Thin 2D Materials for Corrosion Mitigation and Passivation

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Product

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Nanoassembly Growth Model for Subdomain and Grain Boundary Formation in 1T′ Layered ReS₂