2009
DOI: 10.1038/nature08126
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Direct observation of correlations between individual photon emission events of a microcavity laser

Abstract: Lasers are recognized for coherent light emission, the onset of which is reflected in a change in the photon statistics. For many years, attempts have been made to directly measure correlations in the individual photon emission events of semiconductor lasers. Previously, the temporal decay of these correlations below or at the lasing threshold was considerably faster than could be measured with the time resolution provided by the Hanbury Brown/Twiss measurement set-up used. Here we demonstrate a measurement te… Show more

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Cited by 216 publications
(206 citation statements)
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“…The first one is related to a typical intensity fluctuation expected to occur on a sub-nanosecond time scale, with at most O(10 2 ) photons, inducing fluctuations in the fraction of photons reflected back and re-entering the microlaser. The second source is the low number of QDs (~10) being effectively involved in the lasing operation 10 . The robustness of the chaotic lasing phenomenon, with respect to quantum noise where a description by rate equations 30 is inconsistent, is of great interest from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics 31,32 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The first one is related to a typical intensity fluctuation expected to occur on a sub-nanosecond time scale, with at most O(10 2 ) photons, inducing fluctuations in the fraction of photons reflected back and re-entering the microlaser. The second source is the low number of QDs (~10) being effectively involved in the lasing operation 10 . The robustness of the chaotic lasing phenomenon, with respect to quantum noise where a description by rate equations 30 is inconsistent, is of great interest from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics 31,32 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this case, the output intensity saturates for I inj ≈ 4 µA and even drops with increasing injection current. The latter can be attributed to a gain competition between both modes, given that only about 10 QDs contribute effectively to the lasing action in these microlasers 10 . Note that applying an incoherent optical feedback to the micropillar has practically no effect on the average output intensity of either the mode or the threshold currents.…”
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confidence: 98%
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“…With a sufficiently small number of emitters, nanolasers producing non-classical light 12 are being termed lasers. 11,22 In the ultimate limit of a single emitter, lasing in the strong light-matter-coupling regime has also been recently achieved. 10,23,24 Furthermore, a new research field has emerged from the use of plasmonic effects, 25 which can lead to systems with drastically reduced optical mode volume and increased light-matter coupling efficiency compared to purely photonic systems.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…4 From a research viewpoint, such efforts are motivated by a new quantum limit that is reachable with nanolasers consisting of a few emitters [5][6][7] or even a single emitter [8][9][10] and low intracavity photon numbers sustained by stimulated emission. 11 Entering the regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), nanolasers can provide non-classical light for applications in quantum information. 12 Novel nano-optical structures, such as pillar vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers, microdisks, photonic lattices, nanowires and plasmonic resonators, [13][14][15][16] enable the extension of optical-mode confinement from one-dimensional to three-dimensional (3D).…”
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confidence: 99%