Direct ink writing of organic and carbon aerogels

Chandrasekaran, Swetha; Yao, Bin; Liu, Tianyu; Wang, Xiao; Song, Yu; Qian, Fang; Zhu, Cheng; Duoss, Eric B.; Spadaccini, Christopher M.; Li, Yat; Worsley, Marcus A.

doi:10.1039/c8mh00603b

Cited by 78 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, the advantage of the 3D‐printed structure is also evidenced by the linear relationship between areal capacitance and electrode thickness (Figure d). The 4 mm thick SF‐3D GA with a high mass loading of 12.8 mg cm −2 yielded an exceptionally high areal capacitance of 3231 mF cm −2 at 5 mA cm −2 , which is much higher than the values reported for other carbon‐based electrodes, such as activated carbon cloth (88 mF cm −2 ), 3D‐printed hierarchical macroporous graphene aerogels (206.7 mF cm −2 ), 3D‐printed carbon aerogels (645 mF cm −2 ), and activated carbon fibers (1385 mF cm −2 ) . To our knowledge, this is the best value reported for a freestanding carbon‐based supercapacitor electrode (Figure e).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Notably, the 3D GA/MnO 2 //SF‐3D GA device achieved an excellent energy density of 0.94 mWh cm −2 at the power density of 5.1 mW cm −2 and retained an energy density of 0.65 mWh cm −2 at a high power density of 164.5 W cm −2 (Figure e). These values are considerably higher than the state‐of‐the‐art supercapacitor devices reported previously . In addition, the 3D GA/MnO 2 //SF‐3D GA device achieved a high specific energy density of 37.0 Wh kg −1 (1.19 mWh cm −3 ) at a specific power density of 397.8 W kg −1 (12.7 mW cm −3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

et al. 2020

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The performance of pseudocapacitive electrodes at fast charging rates are typically limited by the slow kinetics of Faradaic reactions and sluggish ion diffusion in the bulk structure. This is particularly problematic for thick electrodes and electrodes highly loaded with active materials. Here, a surface‐functionalized 3D‐printed graphene aerogel (SF‐3D GA) is presented that achieves not only a benchmark areal capacitance of 2195 mF cm−2 at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 but also an ultrahigh intrinsic capacitance of 309.1 µF cm−2 even at a high mass loading of 12.8 mg cm−2. Importantly, the kinetic analysis reveals that the capacitance of SF‐3D GA electrode is primarily (93.3%) contributed from fast kinetic processes. This is because the 3D‐printed electrode has an open structure that ensures excellent coverage of functional groups on carbon surface and facilitates the ion accessibility of these surface functional groups even at high current densities and large mass loading/electrode thickness. An asymmetric device assembled with SF‐3D GA as anode and 3D‐printed GA decorated with MnO2 as cathode achieves a remarkable energy density of 0.65 mWh cm−2 at an ultrahigh power density of 164.5 mW cm−2, outperforming carbon‐based supercapacitors operated at the same power density.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

et al. 2020

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“…Graphene aerogels (GAs) are composed of interconnected pores, which embrace great prospects for widespread applications in supercapacitors, oil/water separation, fuel cell, sensor, thermal insulation, catalysts due to their high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and high porosity . The network of interconnected pores and unique properties can offer more ion‐accessible surface, which facilitate the charge storage and the ion diffusion within the 3D structure …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Ink Writing of Adjustable Electrochemical Energy Storage Device with High Gravimetric Energy Densities

Zhao

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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3D printing graphene aerogel with periodic microlattices has great prospects for various practical applications due to their low density, large surface area, high porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, good elasticity, and designed lattice structures. However, the low specific capacitance limits their development in energy storage fields due to the stacking of graphene. Therefore, constructing a graphene‐based 2D materials hybridization aerogel that consists of the pseduocapacitive substance and graphene material is necessary for enhancing electrochemical performance. Herein, 3D printing periodic graphene‐based composite hybrid aerogel microlattices (HAMs) are reported via 3D printing direct ink writing technology. The rich porous structure, high electrical conductivity, and highly interconnected networks of the HAMs aid electron and ion transport, further enabling excellent capacitive performance for supercapacitors. An asymmetric supercapacitor device is assembled by two different 4‐mm‐thick electrodes, which can yield high gravimetric specific capacitance (Cg) of 149.71 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and gravimetric energy density (Eg) of 52.64 Wh kg−1, and retains a capacitance retention of 95.5% after 10 000 cycles. This work provides a general strategy for designing the graphene‐based mixed‐dimensional hybrid architectures, which can be utilized in energy storage fields.

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“…3D printing has received increasing interest in the last decade, due to its flexibility and ability to design functional devices which can integrate catalytic functional materials . Periodic graphene aerogel microlattices with designed macroscopic architectures were created using the 3D‐printing technique, by developing a printable graphene‐based ink ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Designing 3d Porous Carbons For Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Sobrido

Jervis

Periasamy

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

108

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Sustainable energy production at an acceptable cost is key for its widespread application. At present, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used for electrocatalysis, but they suffer from low selectivity, poor durability, and scarcity. Because of this, metal‐free carbons have become the subject of great interest as promising alternative electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage devices, and remarkable progress has been accomplished in the advance of metal‐free carbons as electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies. Particularly interesting are 3D porous carbon architectures, which exhibit outstanding features for electrocatalysis applications, including broad range of active sites, interconnected porosity, high conductivity, and mechanical stability. This review summarizes the latest advances in 3D porous carbon structures for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. The structure–performance relationship of these materials is consequently rationalized and perspectives on creating more efficient 3D carbon electrocatalysts are suggested.

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Direct ink writing of organic and carbon aerogels

Abstract: Additive manufacturing is used to overcome inherent aerogel limitations. 3D printed aerogels simultaneously exhibit large capacitance and fast ion transport in millimeter-thick electrodes.

Cited by 78 publications

References 31 publications

3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels

Direct Ink Writing of Adjustable Electrochemical Energy Storage Device with High Gravimetric Energy Densities

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

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