Direct ink writing of 3D-Honeycombed CL-20 structures with low critical size

Ye, Bao-yun; Song, Changkun; Huang, Hao; Li, Qianbing; An, Chongwei; Wang, Jingyu

doi:10.1016/j.dt.2019.08.019

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Figure 2 presented the XRD spectrum of the printed sample with 65 wt.% CL-20. It can be seen that the main diffraction peaks of the sample are consistent with that of raw ɛ-CL-20 reported in the literature [3]. The sample has strong characteristic peaks at 12.52°, 13.72°and 30.22°, correspond to the crystal faces of (11-1), ( 200), (20-3) of ɛ-CL-20, respectively.…”

Section: Polymorph Of Cl-20 After Printingsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…3D printing (also known as additive manufacturing technology, AM) has been adopted in fabricating propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics to achieve breakthroughs in complex shape propellants design. 3D extrusion printing [1,2] (including Direct-ink writing [3,4] and fused deposition modeling (FDM) [3], and stereolithography apparatus (SLA) [5,6] have been studied in the past ten years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal Decomposition Performance of CL‐20‐Based Ultraviolet Curing Propellants

Gao¹,

Li²,

Yang

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Photocuring formulas were designed for 3D printing technology used in forming propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. Thermal performance is an essential part of the comprehensive performance of this kind of formula. In this paper, a formula consisting of epoxy acrylic resin (EA) as binder and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) as the energetic additive was developed and printed by material extrusion 3D printing technology. The thermal decomposition behavior was investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Furthermore, the decomposition kinetics was calculated and analysed based on Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KSA) method. In addition, species and contents of gaseous products during decomposition were measured using the DSC‐TG‐FTIR‐MS method. The results from these several techniques were discussed comprehensively. It was shown that the resin binder has great effects on the decomposition of CL‐20. It was found that the interaction between resin and CL‐20 led to two exothermic processes in the decomposition of the compound. Also, there was no overlap in the activation energy between the two processes, with 149.23 kJ/mol for the first process and 164.41 kJ/mol for the second process.

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Section: Polymorph Of Cl-20 After Printingsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition Performance of CL‐20‐Based Ultraviolet Curing Propellants

Gao¹,

Li²,

Yang

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The minimum size of printed structures can be less than 1 micron, depending on the size of the nozzle and the physicochemical properties of the ink. Thanks to its relative simplicity, DIW is widely used for the fabrication of HEM products [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: High-energy Composite Additive Manufacturing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Problems of Additive Manufacturing of Nanostructured High-Energy Materials

et al. 2021

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This article dwells upon the additive manufacturing of high-energy materials (HEM) with regards to the problems of this technology’s development. This work is aimed at identifying and describing the main problems currently arising in the use of AM for nanostructured high-energy materials and gives an idea of the valuable opportunities that it provides in the hope of promoting further development in this area. Original approaches are proposed for solving one of the main problems in the production of nanostructured HEM—safety and viscosity reduction of the polymer-nanopowder system. Studies have shown an almost complete degree of deagglomeration of microencapsulated aluminum powders. Such powders have the potential to create new systems for safe 3D printing using high-energy materials.

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“…According to the standards set by the Subcommittee of materials and Testing Association of America (ASTM), additive manufacturing technology is divided into seven categories [ 21 , 22 ]. Among them, material spray forming technology [ 23 ], material extrusion technology [ 24 ], and photopolymerization curing technology [ 25 ] have been applied in the forming and manufacturing of energetic materials [ 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Material spray forming technology requires a material to have a lower viscosity so that it can be sprayed from small nozzles; however, photopolymerization curing technology requires more photosensitive resin in the molding material, and the solid content of both should not be high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the other two technologies, direct writing technology is more suitable for obtaining samples with a high solid content. Ye et al [ 32 ] printed an CL-20 structure with a solid content of 56.25% using direct writing technology. The printed and molded samples present a 3D-honeycombed shape, the ink presents a high porosity, and the critical detonation size is very small, less than 60mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Energetic Composites with 91% Solid Content by 3D Direct Writing

Deng

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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Direct writing is a rapidly developing manufacturing technology that is convenient, adaptable and automated. It has been used in energetic composites to manufacture complex structures, improve product safety, and reduce waste. This work is aimed at probing the formability properties and combustion performances of aluminum/ammonium perchlorate with a high solid content for direct writing fabrication. Four kinds of samples with different solid content were successfully printed by adjusting printing parameters and inks formulas with excellent rheological behavior and combustion properties. A high solid content of 91% was manufactured and facile processed into complex structures. Micromorphology, rheology, density, burning rate, heat of combustion and combustion performance were evaluated to characterized four kinds of samples. As the solid content increases, the density, burning rate and heat of combustion are greatly enhanced. Based on 3D direct writing technology, complex energetic 3D structures with 91% solid content are shaped easier and more flexibly than in traditional manufacturing process, which provides a novel way for the manufacture of complicated structures of energetic components.

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Direct ink writing of 3D-Honeycombed CL-20 structures with low critical size

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

Thermal Decomposition Performance of CL‐20‐Based Ultraviolet Curing Propellants

Thermal Decomposition Performance of CL‐20‐Based Ultraviolet Curing Propellants

Review of the Problems of Additive Manufacturing of Nanostructured High-Energy Materials

Fabrication of Energetic Composites with 91% Solid Content by 3D Direct Writing

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