A one-step method which involves exfoliating graphite materials (GIMs) off into graphene materials (GEMs) in aqueous suspension of CL-20 and forming CL-20/graphene materials (CL-20/GEMs) composites by using ball milling is presented. The conversion of mixtures to composite form was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The impact sensitivities of CL-20/GEM composites were contrastively investigated. It turned out that the energetic nanoscale composites based on CL-20 and GEMs comprising few layers were accomplished. The loading capacity of graphene (reduced graphene oxide, rGO) is significantly less than that of graphene oxide (GO) in CL-20/GEM composites. The formation mechanism was proposed. Via this approach, energetic nanoscale composites based on CL-20 and GO comprised few layers were accomplished. The resulted CL-20/GEM composites displayed spherical structure with nanoscale, ε-form, equal thermal stabilities, and lower sensitivities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-017-2416-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Direct ink writing (DIW) is a new trend in the micro-scale charging of energetic materials. In this study, a CL-20 based composite was prepared using DIW, and its properties were characterized. Results indicated that the particles of the composite are found at the sub-micron level, and a single layer measures at 2.4 mm. The composite has high density and low impact sensitivity, and its critical detonation size is around 1 3 0.4 mm. This feature will contribute to the detonation at the micro levelto a certain degree.

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An emulsion is a multiphase dispersion system in which one or more liquids are dispersed in the form of particles in another immiscible liquid. Emulsion method has been applied for preparation of binder system via oil in water (O/W) emulsions. The formulation contains: 40 g 12 % a solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in water, 15 g 7.5 % a solution of Viton A (vinylidene hexafluoropropene copolymer) in ethyl acetate, 0.25 g sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 0.25 g Tween‐80.The emulsion as a binder system, sub‐micro CL‐20 (prepared by the ball milling method) as the body explosives to prepared CL‐20 based explosive ink (CL‐20 88 % concentration). Deposition of explosive inks via DIW technology and its properties were characterized. The results showed that the composite has fewer internal defects and low impact sensitivity, the crystal type has no change, critical detonation size is around 1×0.17 mm and detonation velocity is 8079 m/s.

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