Direct Extraction of Titanium Alloys/Composites from Titanium Compounds Ores in Molten CaCl₂

Abstract

Molten salt electroreduction process provides a simple approach for the facile production of alloys and composites. In this work, the solid oxide membrane (SOM)-assisted molten salt electroreduction process has been used to produce titanium alloys/composites directly from complex titanium compounds ores. The Ti-bearing blast-furnace slag, high titanium slag and natural ilmenite were used as raw materials. The SOM-assisted electroreduction process was carried out in molten calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) at 950-1000 C and 3.8 V. The reaction mechanisms of the electroreduction process including the compounding process, the electroreduction process and the impurity-removal process were discussed. The results indicate that Ti

Development of the Fray-Farthing-Chen Cambridge Process: Towards the Sustainable Production of Titanium and Its Alloys

“…40%, respectively. 59 Additionally, the Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM) process 16 has also shown the ability to eliminate the carbon related issues for titanium alloy production 17 (cf. SM).…”

“…50 kWh/kg Ti 6 ), environmentally unfriendly (> 2 kg CO 2 per kg Ti) and a semi-batch process. Thus, there have been continuous research and industrial efforts to improve or replace the Kroll process [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] as summarised in the supplementary Table S1.…”

Recent Studies on Titanium Refining: 2017–2020

“…The CO 3 2¹ formation after the anodic reaction with C was suppressed by the solid ZrO 2 8 mol% Y 2 O 3 membrane in molten CaCl 2 . 17,18) The usage of membrane is quite effective to suppress the side-reaction, although it decreases the reaction rate due to IR drop at the membrane. It was used to produce Ti alloys/composites from Ti-bearing blastfurnace slag, high titanium slag, and natural ilmenite at 12231273 K. Because CaCl 2 decomposes at 3.2 V, the applied 3.8 V was high enough to form the metallic Ca from CaCl 2 .…”

“…Consequently, both CaTiO 3 and Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 were generated as intermediate products. 18) Elemental Fe was generated preferentially if the starting material was ilmenite, which improved the electrical conductivity of the oxide pellet.…”

Electrochemical Reduction Behavior of Soluble CaTiO3in Na3AlF6-AlF3Melt for the Preparation of Metal Titanium

“…7 It is very significant to directly reduce CaTiO 3 to metal titanium, which provides a short route for the high value utilization of the titanium bearing blast furnace slag. 8 Industrially, metal titanium was produced by Kroll process. 9 The natural rutile or synthetic rutile was carbo-chlorinated to produce a TiCl 4 vapor which was then reduced to metal titanium by magnesiothermic reduction.…”