Dip-coating of ITO films

Takahashi, Yasutaka; Shin'ya, Okada; Tahar, Radhouane Bel Hadj; Nakano, Ken; Ban, Takayuki; Ohya, Yutaka

doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(97)00199-3

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[4] Wet deposition techniques are of emerging interest due to their high cost reduction potential based on missing vacuum demand, printing possibility comprising large area fabrication potential, and the feasibility of direct patterning. Beside the several deposition methods, there exist two different principles of wet chemical processing: The sol-gel-technique, characterized by deposition of precursors with subsequent transformation into ITO [25][26][27][28][29][30] and the deposition of a dispersion containing ITO nanoparticles. [30][31][32][33][34] Sol-gel ITO films can possess adequate conductances of >350 V À1 cm À1 , [25,26,35] which can be increased to >1600 V À1 cm À1 by temperature treatment in nitrogen or forming gas.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Beside the several deposition methods, there exist two different principles of wet chemical processing: The sol-gel-technique, characterized by deposition of precursors with subsequent transformation into ITO [25][26][27][28][29][30] and the deposition of a dispersion containing ITO nanoparticles. [30][31][32][33][34] Sol-gel ITO films can possess adequate conductances of >350 V À1 cm À1 , [25,26,35] which can be increased to >1600 V À1 cm À1 by temperature treatment in nitrogen or forming gas. [26,30] Due to the required low precursor to solvent ratio, only thicknesses of about 10-20 nm can be achieved for the sol-gel single layers, [26,30] which leads to high sheet resistances.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Conductance Enhancement Mechanisms of Printable Nanoparticulate Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Layers for Application in Organic Electronic Devices

et al. 2009

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Indium tin oxide (ITO, In 2 O 3 :SnO 2 ) thin films exhibit a high conductance along with brilliant transparency in the optical range. [1][2][3] In spite of the existence of some other transparent conducting oxide materials and the high material costs, ITO is widely used as transparent electrode material in stateof-the-art optoelectronic devices such as TFT-LCD-s, [4][5] plasma TV-s, and touchscreens. It is also utilized in novel, smart optoelectronic applications including organic solar cells, [6][7] electrochromic devices, [8] and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for displays [9][10][11] or for lighting. [12] Usually ITO thin films are fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods including RF-sputtering [13,14] and magnetron sputtering [2,[15][16][17] as well as pulsed laser deposition [18,19] and several other evaporation techniques. [20][21][22][23][24] PVD derived ITO layers are characterized by high conductances of partly more than 10 000 V À1 cm À1 , [19,22] but also by high production costs. Cost drivers are the inevitable vacuum process which hinders continuous production and the requirement of substractively wet chemical patterning steps. [4] Wet deposition techniques are of emerging interest due to their high cost reduction potential based on missing vacuum demand, printing possibility comprising large area fabrication potential, and the feasibility of direct patterning. Beside the several deposition methods, there exist two different principles of wet chemical processing: The sol-gel-technique, characterized by deposition of precursors with subsequent transformation into ITO [25][26][27][28][29][30] and the deposition of a dispersion containing ITO nanoparticles. [30][31][32][33][34] Sol-gel ITO films can possess adequate conductances of >350 V À1 cm À1 , [25,26,35] which can be increased to >1600 V À1 cm À1 by temperature treatment in nitrogen or forming gas. [26,30] Due to the required low precursor to solvent ratio, only thicknesses of about 10-20 nm can be achieved for the sol-gel single layers, [26,30] which leads to high sheet resistances. To avoid this, costly repetitions of the deposition and transformation sequence are necessary.In contrast to sol-gel ITO layers, nanoparticle dispersion derived thin films enable the production of almost every thickness. They can also be produced on flexible polymer substrates, [34] but exhibit comparatively low conductances. The latter is related to a poor electrical contact between the primary particle aggregates and high inter-grain porosity. [30,32,33] Typical conductance after layer deposition is in the order of 10 À2 V À1 cm À1 and rises to several 10 0 V À1 cm À1 after annealing in air at 550 8C. [33,36] In order to overcome this conductance bottleneck, we investigated the impact of various conductance improving techniques on the electrical, optical, and morphological properties of nanoparticulate printed ITO layers. ExperimentalNanoparticulate ITO layers for electrical measurements were made by spin-coating a commercial ethanolic dispersi...

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Conductance Enhancement Mechanisms of Printable Nanoparticulate Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Layers for Application in Organic Electronic Devices

et al. 2009

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“…The most preferred solvents are ethanol, n-propanol [43], 2-methoxyethanol CH JOC2H40H [71,75], mixtures of acetic acid and alcohol or xylene and 2-ethylhexonic acid [73], etc. The stability of the solution may be improved by adding ethoxyethanol, acetylacetone [44,76] or diethanolamine [43] acting as chelating agent.…”

Section: Remarks To Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability of the solution may be improved by adding ethoxyethanol, acetylacetone [44,76] or diethanolamine [43] acting as chelating agent.…”

Section: Remarks To Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coatings for High Temperature Use

Köstlin¹

2004

Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users

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Oxidation resistant nickel-aluminide coatings are designed to develop a protective alumina scale during high temperature exposure. It is well established that platinum additions, typically about 6-8 at%, provide substantial improvements in oxidation resistance of such coatings, yet the nature of the platinum effect is still not fully understood. In this work, the oxidation behavior of two commercial NiAl and NiPtAl coatings deposited on the same Ni-base single crystal alloy CMSX-4 was analyzed. Cyclic and isothermal oxidation tests were conducted at 1150 o C in air. Microstructure development and alumina/coating interface chemistry were studied as a function of oxidation time. Numerous voids developed at the Al 2 O 3 /NiAl interface, and sulfur was found to segregate at the void surfaces and at the contact interface, leading to spallation of the scale over the convex areas along ridges on the coating surface. The presence of platinum prevented sulfur segregation and void formation at the Al 2 O 3 /NiPtAl interface. As a result, the Al 2 O 3 scale on the NiPtAl coating remained adherent and virtually no spallation was observed even after prolonged cyclic oxidation.

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“…For example, ITO coatings have been prepared using direct gravure printing on polymer substrates such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) [8,9], where, in some studies, the concentration of the ITO dispersions was greater than 50 wt% [9]. Spin and dip coating, two of the simplest deposition techniques available [10], have also been used to directly deposit ITO particles dispersed in water and organic vehicles, such as ethanol, on glass substrates [1,5] and can lead to an economical process for the production of ITO films. However, in all these methods, the level of agglomeration existing in the powders used to prepare these inks/pastes can affect the quality of the coatings produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and microwave processing of nano-sized ITO powder for the fabrication of transparent conductive oxides

Ghanizadeh

Peiris

Jayathilake

et al. 2016

Ceramics International

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Aqueous dispersions of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanopowder were prepared and the effect of the addition of PEG 400, Tween 80 and β-alanine as dispersants was investigated using zeta potential and particle size distribution measurements. Both PEG 400 and β-alanine were found to produce stable dispersions that were used to deposit ITO thin films on glass substrates by dip and spin coating methods. The ITO thin films were heat-treated using both conventional and microwave heat treatment in order to improve the inter-particle connections and hence the resistivity and transparency of the films. All the films exhibited an average transmittance of >80% over the visible spectrum after being subjected to the heat treatment process. ITO films prepared with no dispersant showed very high resistivity values for both heating methods, however addition of 2 wt% PEG 400 to the dispersion yielded a reduction in the resistivity values to 1.4 × 10 -1 Ω cm and 3.8 × 10 -2 Ω cm for conventionally and microwave treated films, respectively. The surface morphological studies confirmed that addition of dispersants improved the film uniformity and inter-particle connections of the ITO films considerably.

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Dip-coating of ITO films

Cited by 81 publications

References 10 publications

Conductance Enhancement Mechanisms of Printable Nanoparticulate Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Layers for Application in Organic Electronic Devices

Conductance Enhancement Mechanisms of Printable Nanoparticulate Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Layers for Application in Organic Electronic Devices

Coatings for High Temperature Use

Dispersion and microwave processing of nano-sized ITO powder for the fabrication of transparent conductive oxides

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