Dinamika Sosial Ekonomi Priangan Abad Ke-19

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Abad ke-19 bagi Priangan khususnya dan Pulau Jawa umumnya merupakan moment penetrasi kolonial yang sangat intens. Hal ini dilakukan melalui pelibatan hampir sebagian besar komponen masyarakat dalam mengusahakan tanaman komersial yang laku di pasar internasional, seperti nila, kopi, teh, dan kina. Hal tersebut tidak serta-merta mematikan aktivitas perekonomian dan pertanian subsitem penduduk Priangan. Malah yang terjadi adalah hubungan komplementer antar-keduanya. Hal ini dimungkinkan selain karena faktor geografis-ekologis yang kondusif juga karena jenis tanaman yang diusahakan dan jenis tanah yang digunakan tidak menyaingi sektor ekonomi pertanian. Peran elit lokal sangat besar dalam menciptakan keseimbangan dan harmonisasi relasi antar penduduk pribumi, pemerintah kolonial, dan elit lokal sendiri yang pada gilirannya berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produk dan terciptanya suasana aman. Fakta historis yang ditemukan di Priangan menjadi indikator penting yang menjelaskan derajat relatif kesejahteraan masyarakatnya. Penelitian yang saya lakukan ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan kerja: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi.Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Priangan, Ekonomi, Kolonial. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DYNAMICS AT PRIANGAN IN 19th CENTURYABSTRACT. The nineteenth century in Priangan and Java was a moment of more intensive colonial penetration indicated by the involvement a number of indigenous people to plant commercial crops for international market such as indigo, coffee, tea, and cinchona. That situation did not automatically disturb subsistence agricultural activities. Even, the two sectors had a complementary relationship, which was made possible by geographical and ecological factors. In addition, types of plants and land used for it were not in competition against agricultural economic sector. Local elite played important roles to create the equilibrium and harmonious relations among indigenous people, colonial government, and local elites themselves that in turn had great influence to heighten product and create safe and conducive situation. Historical evidences found within Priangan were important indicators which explained a relative degree of prosperity of indigenous people. Historical method, of course, used to do the study includes four stages of heuristic, critical sources, interpretation, and finally historiography.Keywords: history, Priangan, Economic, Colonial PENDAHULUANPada abad ke-19 hubungan antara kekuasaan tradisional dan kekuasaan Belanda menunjukkan dua gejala yang bertolak belakang. Di satu pihak kekuasaan

The Rapid Growth of Coconut Estates in Indragiri Hilir 1980s – 1990s

“…However, the national trend on Indonesia economic during Orde Baru's reign did not happen in Indragiri Hilir. From 1990 until 2000, the share of agriculture sector in gross domestic regional product (PDRB) had been increased from 35,34% to 49,15% (BPS Indragiri Hilir, 1978-2017. Basically, it occurred because the rapid growth of the agriculture sector in the 1990s, especially in sub-sector coconut estates.…”

“…This region has shown enormous growth of coconut plantation and production in the 1980s -1990s that made Indragiri Hilir the largest cluster of coconut plantation and producer in Indonesia. According to Republic Indonesia Statistical Agency (BPS RI) Coconut and its processed products have long been the primary commodity of Indragiri Hilir (BPS RI, 1983, 1984, 1993, 1998BPS Indragiri Hilir, 1978-2017.…”

“…It described the uniqueness, tragedy, and golden age of several commodities in Indonesia. For example copra in Sulawesi and Eastern Indonesia (Asba, 2018;Heersink, 1994), nutmeg on Banda island (Loth, 1995), sugar cane estates and sugar industries in Java (Zangger, 2016), agricultural involution of subsistence crops in Java (Geertz, 1963), nationalization of colonial plantation in East Sumatra (Wasino, 2016), the coffee commodity in Priangan in the nineteenth century (Zakaria, 2017), and many more. Those are the themes that describe the history of agricultural commodities in Indonesia.…”