Digital image correlation analysis of vertical strain for corrugated fiberboard box panel in compression

Abstract

This work was aimed at examining the overall contributions to displacement of panels of compressed boxes, such as panel compression strain and flap and crease displacements. 3D digital image correlation (DIC) was used to analyse motion of side panels of corrugated fiberboard regular slotted containers. The vertical displacement and the vertical component of strain of the panel face during box compression test were examined. Measuring displacements of the whole compressed box with DIC enables measurement of the in‐plane compression of a panel in isolation from the horizontal fold or crease zone displacement, without having to test tube sections of the box to infer or extract the in‐plane panel compression behaviour. Detailed study of two box designs in three representative test cases was presented, which in future could be extended to other box designs. At peak load, the in‐plane compression of the panels, calculated from the average vertical component of the strain along the right edge of the long panel of the box, was 3% to 6% of total crosshead displacement for the test cases. At peak load, the portion of the box compression associated with bottom box flaps or crease zone crushing was 48% to 59% of total crosshead displacement for the different cases. The analysis showed that the majority of the vertical displacement of the box occurred in the top and bottom creased folds and that these folds are responsible for the low apparent in‐plane stiffness of a box.

Evaluating the displacement field of paperboard packages subjected to compression loading using digital image correlation (DIC)

“…8 and 9. Similar observations were reported by Kueh et al (2019). During stacking on a pallet, the packages placed at the bottom of the stack tend to experience the highest loads resulting in a significant out-of-plane deformation of the vertical walls before total collapse (Viguié et al, 2011).…”

“…From the curves, a low stiffness was observed at the initiation of compression which could be explained to be due to the unevenness of the flaps being levelled as the upper platen starts to compress the carton (Kueh et al, 2019). Following this point is a linear region with the highest slope which gradually decreases up until the maximum load and is related to local buckling on the package (Kueh et al, 2019). Next, a sharp decrease in the maximum load occurs as the package fails (Viguié et al, 2010).…”

“…However, the use of DIC to measure the displacement field of ventilated packages subjected to mechanical loads has not yet been reported in detail. A recent study by Kueh et al (2019) examined the contributions to displacement of panels of compressed boxes using 3D DIC, however, the study did not consider the influence of vent holes. Vent hole designs have been reported to affect the overall mechanical integrity of cartons (Fadiji et al, 2016b).…”

Experimental and finite element simulated box compression tests on paperboard packages at different moisture levels

“…When the FE simulations did not account for any material or geometrical reductions of the creases, the response was quite similar to the physical experiments where the flaps were replaced by tape, that is, no horizontal creases, which can be seen in Figure 18. The distinguished difference in box stiffness with and without horizontal creases for paperboard is described elsewhere, 9 and the impact on vertical displacement of corrugated boxes due to creases is also previously established 24 …”

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis in the Fresh Fruit Cold Chain: A Review on Recent Advances

“…More recently, the capability of digital imaging to study the deformation of CFCs during compression loading has been revealed. Kueh et al [94] used 3D digital image correlation (DIC) to examine the contributions to the displacement of panels of compressed cartons. A majority of incidences of vertical displacement of cartons are due to the top and bottom flap crease folds compressing.…”