Evaluating the displacement field of paperboard packages subjected to compression loading using digital image correlation (DIC)

Fadiji, Tobi; Coetzee, C.J.; Opara, Umezuruike Linus

doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2020.06.008

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Zappa et al investigated inflation of the paperboard composites using in beverage packaging using the DIC technique [ 31 ]. Recently, Fadiji et al employed DIC to analyze a paperboard box with ventilation holes under compression loading [ 32 ]. In most of the investigations mentioned above, samples of 3-ply corrugated cardboards were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

2021

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This article focuses on the derivation of simplified predictive models for the identification of the overall compressive stiffness and strength of corrugated cardboards. As a representative example an unsymmetrical 5-ply sample (with E and B flute) was used in this study. In order to exclude unreliable displacement measurement in the standard edge crush test, virtual strain gauges were used. Video extensometry was employed to collect measurements from the outer surfaces of the sample on both sides. Additional data allowed real force-displacement curves to be obtained, which were used in the validation procedure. To emulate the experimental results, besides a simple analytical model, a 3D numerical model fully reflecting the geometry of the corrugated board, based on the finite elements method was also built. In both cases good agreement between the experimental results and the analytical and numerical calculations was observed. This proved that the proposed analytical model can be successfully used to determine the overall stiffness and compressive strength of corrugated board, provided that the geometry and properties of all the layers of the board are known. The simple model presented in this work enables quick and reliable design and prototyping of new assemblies without the need to manufacture them.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

2021

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“…Zappa et al studied the inflation of the paperboard composites which are used in the packaging of beverages while applying DIC [ 38 ]. Paperboard boxes with ventilation holes subjected to a compression load were investigated using DIC by Fadiji et al [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Edge Crush Test Configuration Enhanced with Full-Field Strain Measurements

2021

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The standard edge crush test (ECT) allows the determination of the crushing strength of the corrugated cardboard. Unfortunately, this test cannot be used to estimate the compressive stiffness, which is an equally important parameter. This is because any attempt to determine this parameter using current lab equipment quickly ends in a fiasco. The biggest obstacle is obtaining a reliable measurement of displacements and strains in the corrugated cardboard sample. In this paper, we present a method that not only allows for the reliable identification of the stiffness in the loaded direction of orthotropy in the corrugated board sample, but also the full orthotropic material stiffness matrix. The proposed method uses two samples: (a) traditional, cut crosswise to the wave direction of the corrugated core, and (b) cut at an angle of 45°. Additionally, in both cases, an optical system with digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure the displacements and strains on the outer surfaces of samples. The use of a non-contact measuring system allowed us to avoid using the measurement of displacements from the crosshead, which is burdened with a large error. Apart from the new experimental configuration, the article also proposes a simple algorithm to quickly characterize all sought stiffness parameters. The obtained results are finally compared with the results obtained in the homogenization procedure of the cross-section of the corrugated board. The results were consistent in both cases.

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“…Numerous studies focusing on the design of the ventilated corrugated container for apples and other fruits have been published [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]; however, little is known about the performance of the fruit trays designed to prevent fruit damage. The objective of this research was to investigate the bruise susceptibility of whole apples during mechanical shock inside ventilated corrugated containers when packaged using either MF or EPS trays, including the bruise frequency and impact acceleration experienced by the fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Impact Damage to Whole Apples Packaged Inside Molded Fiber and Expanded Polystyrene Trays

Dunno

Stoeckley

Hofmeister

2021

Foods

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Postharvest damage, leading to loss and waste, continues to be a significant problem in the fresh produce industry. Trays, designed to reduce fruit-to-fruit contact, are utilized by the apple industry to minimize bruising of whole apples. During distribution, packaged apples are subjected to various supply chain hazards, which may lead to bruising damage. Currently, molded fiber (MF) and expanded polystyrene (EPS) trays transport whole apples from the packhouse to the retail outlet. Mechanical shock, by free-fall drop method, was used to evaluate the performance differences between the two trays and quantify the bruising characteristics of the apples. Results showed that the EPS trays provided better shock protection to the apple as compared to the MF tray, reducing the impact acceleration by more than 70%. Additionally, the bruise susceptibility was 40% less for the apples packaged inside the EPS trays, regardless of drop height. However, apples packaged in the middle layer trays were most susceptible to bruising damage, regardless of tray type.

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Evaluating the displacement field of paperboard packages subjected to compression loading using digital image correlation (DIC)

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board—Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

New Edge Crush Test Configuration Enhanced with Full-Field Strain Measurements

Susceptibility of Impact Damage to Whole Apples Packaged Inside Molded Fiber and Expanded Polystyrene Trays

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