Finite element (FE) analyses can be used as a powerful tool in the package design process to study for instance stress and strain fields that arise during loading. An orthotropic linear elastic material model with a stress‐based failure criterion was used to simulate box compression tests (BCTs) of a paperboard package in the FE solver LS‐Dyna. Physical experiments were performed at 50%, 70%, and 90% relative humidity (RH). The input parameters required for the simulations were calculated based on material characterization at standard climate (50% RH and 23°C) and a linear relation between mechanical material properties and moisture ratio established in earlier studies. The result showed that it was possible to accurately predict the load–compression curve of a BCT when moisture was accounted for. Furthermore, it was found that modelling of the mechanical properties of the creases are important for capturing the stiffness response of the package. To conclude, it was possible to predict the box compression strength and the linear stiffness response prior to the peak in the load–compression response at relevant moisture levels, by using the previously established linear relationship between moisture ratio and material properties. In addition to the moisture ratio at the preferred moisture level, the only material properties required were the in‐plane strengths and stiffnesses, and the out‐of‐plane shear moduli at standard climate.
To shorten construction period, to assure compaction in the structure especially in confined zones where vibrating compaction is difficult and to eliminate noise due to vibration effective especially at concrete products plants SCC is developed in practice. Also, SCC is applied to tunnel lining for preventing the cold joint Self-compacting concrete has been used. Currently, the main reasons for the employment of self-compacting concrete can be summarized as follows: developing alternate binders that are environment-friendly and contribute to sustainable management. The properties of SCC in fresh concrete stage cost reduced time and substantial effective construction expertise in Special concrete of High-Performance Self Compacting Concrete (HPSCC) properties, the present work as major aspects like Effect of fibers with Fly ash on Fresh concrete properties and Behavior of polypropylene fibers Specimens under split tensile & Flexural loading. The first parts of the work have been focused on the effect of polypropylene fibers on Fresh and harden concrete of Ultimate Strength with replacement of varying Polypropylene fibers by 0% to 1.5% at the interval of 0.5 and next part of the work focusing the behavior of fiber under Flexural loading. The results obtained from this work are expected to be useful in determining behavior of SCC with polypropylene fiber Specimens. This will help the designing SCC specimens to resist Flexural loading.
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