Diffusion flames

Wohl, Kurt; Gazley, Carl; Kapp, Numer

doi:10.1016/s1062-2896(49)80036-5

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The earliest studies were derived from those of Hottel [7], Hawthorne et al [8], and Wohl et al [9] reported in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Major reviews of this topic were performed by Becker and Liang [10], Delichatsios [11], and Blake and McDonald [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

et al. 2018

Energies

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Flame shape and size for a high-pressure turbulent non-premixed swirl combustion were experimentally investigated over a wide range of varying parameters including fuel mass flow rate, combustor pressure, primary-air mass flow rate, and nozzle exit velocity. A CFD simulation was conducted to predict the flame profile. Meanwhile, a theoretical calculation was also performed to estimate flame length. It was observed that flame length increased linearly with increasing fuel mass flow rate but decreased with the increment of combustor pressure in the power function. The flame diminished at a larger primary-air mass flow rate but remained unaffected by the increasing nozzle exit velocity. Considering the global effect of all parameters at a particular pressure, the flame length generally decreased as the primary-air to fuel ratio increased. This was attributed to the reduced air entrainment required to dilute the fuel to stoichiometric proportions. The CFD simulation offered a good prediction of the variation trends of flame length, although some deviations from experimental values were observed. The theoretical calculation estimated the trends of flame length variation particularly well. Nevertheless the difference between the theoretical and experimental results was found to be due to the swirl influence. Hence, a swirl factor was proposed to be added to the original equation for swirl flames.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…A small, subsequent, increase in velocity can increase the flame stretch rate and extinguish the diffusion flame locally, with blow-off from the burner rim [12]. The fuel and air beneath the burned products can mix and be ignited by the hot products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data have been extracted from 34 publications, ranging from the pioneering works of Hawthorne et al [11], and Wohl et al [12] in 1949, to the recent unique high altitude propane data of Hu et al [13] and Wang et al [14], collected in Lhasa at ambient pressures down to 60 kPa. The studies of hydrogen jet flames have involved inlet pipe pressures up to 90 MPa.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet flame heights, lift-off distances, and mean flame surface density for extensive ranges of fuels and flow rates

Bradley

Gaskell

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

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An extensive review and re-thinking of jet flame heights and structure, extending into the choked/supersonic regime is presented, with discussion of the limitations of previous flame height correlations. Completely new dimensionless correlations for the plume heights, lift-off distances, and mean flame surface densities of atmospheric jet flames, in the absence of a cross wind, are presented. It was found that the same flow rate parameter could be used to correlate both plume heights and flame lift-off distances. These are related to the flame structure, jet flame instability, and flame extinction stretch rates, as revealed by complementary experiments and computational studies. The correlations are based on a vast experimental data base, covering 880 flame heights. They encompass pool fires and flares, as well as choked and unchoked jet flames of CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 and H 2 , over a wide range of conditions. Supply pressures range from 0.06 to 90MPa, discharge diameters from 4·10 -4 to 1.32 m, and flame heights from 0.08 to 110 m. The computational studies enabled reaction zone volumes to be estimated, as a proportion of the plume volumes, measured from flame photographs, and temperature contours. This enabled mean flame surface densities to be estimated, together with mean volumetric heat releases rates. There is evidence of a "saturation" mean surface density and increases in turbulent burn rates being accomplished by near pro rata increases in the overall volume of reacting mixture.

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“…Une description des approches théori-ques, pour étudier la propagation de ce type de flamme en jets libres pour le calcul de la longueur de flamme L en fonction du diamètre du jet du brûleur d ,est présentée par Wohl et al 1949, Hawthorne et al, 1949, Hottel, 1953, Traustel, 1958 Une bibliographie plus complète est présentée par Stambuleanu, 1976.…”

Section: -3-1 Le Modèle De Combustionunclassified

Modelisation mathematique simplifiee d un four de metal chaud

Perron¹

1987

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Diffusion flames

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion

Jet flame heights, lift-off distances, and mean flame surface density for extensive ranges of fuels and flow rates

Modelisation mathematique simplifiee d un four de metal chaud

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