Diffusion bonding of commercially pure titanium to 304 stainless steel using copper interlayer

Kundu, Sukumar; Ghosh, Mainak; Laik, A.; Bhanumurthy, K.; Kale, G.B.; Chatterjee, S.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2005.07.010

Cited by 224 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Using the Ni Ag combination, they managed to avoid the formation of Fe-Ti IMCs. Cu [11] used diffusion bonding and a 300 μm Cu interlayer obtaining a maximum tensile strength of 318 MPa and a ductility of 8.5 % The present investigation reported a combination of these two main strategies to improve the mechanical properties of Ti to stainless steel welding. Cu was selected as a transition metal due to its lower melting temperature vs mechanical properties relationship when compared to other possible transition metals like Ag and Ni.…”

Section: Weld Metal Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The tensile test results can be compared with studies done in infrared brazing of Ti and stainless steel using Cu as an interlayer [11] and the study done using electron beam welding to join the same parent metals using Cu as an interlayer [9]. The mechanical properties reported by this study are a maximum tensile strength of 318 MPa with a ductility of 8.5 % and 234 MPa with a The IMCs identified are mainly composed of Fe, Cr, Si, Ti and Cu.…”

Section: Mechanical Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissimilar metal joining of stainless steel and titanium using copper as transition metal

Pardal

Ganguly

Williams

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Joining of stainless steel and titanium dissimilar metal combination has a specific interest in the nuclear industry. Due to the metallurgical incompatibility, it has been very difficult to produce reliable joints between these metals due to the formation of FeTi and Fe 2 Ti types of intermetallic compounds. The metallurgical incompatibility between both materials is enhanced by the time-temperature profile of the welding process used. Brittle intermetallics (IMCs) are formed during FeTi welding (FeTi and Fe 2 Ti). The present study uses the low thermal heat input process cold metal transfer (CMT), when compared with conventional GMAW, to deposit a copper (Cu) bead between Ti and stainless steel. Cu is compatible with Fe, and it has a lower melting point than the two base materials. The welds were produced between AMS 4911L (Ti-6Al-4V) and AISI 316L stainless steel using a CuSi-3 welding wire. The joints produced revealed two IM layers located near the parent metals/weld interfaces. The hardness of these layers is higher than the remainder of the weld bead. Tensile tests were carried out with a maximum strength of 200 MPa, but the interfacial failure could not be avoided. Ti atomic migration was observed during experimental trials; however, the IMC formed are less brittle than FeTi, inducing higher mechanical properties.

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Section: Weld Metal Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Mechanical Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissimilar metal joining of stainless steel and titanium using copper as transition metal

Pardal

Ganguly

Williams

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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show abstract

“…[1,2] The range of application of these materials, in combination with other structural materials, such as stainless steels (SS), is greatly enhanced by the appropriate selection of joining techniques. Dissimilar materials joints between stainless steel and titanium are widely used in the aerospace engineering, heat exchangers in chemical and petrochemical industries, sub-assemblies in nuclear reactors, and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, particularly in the dissolver assembly for reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Laik

Shirzadi

Sharma

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions during vacuum brazing of grade-2 Ti and 304L-type stainless steel (SS) using eutectic alloy Ag-28 wt pct Cu were investigated. A thin Ni-depleted zone of a-Fe(Cr, Ni) solid solution formed on the SS-side of the braze zone (BZ). Cu from the braze alloy, in combination with the dissolved Fe and Ti from the base materials, formed a layer of ternary compound s 2 , adjacent to Ti in the BZ. In addition, four binary intermetallic compounds, Cu 3 Ti 2 , Cu 4 Ti 3 , CuTi and CuTi 2 formed as parallel contiguous layers in the BZ. The unreacted Ag solidified as islands within the layers of Cu 3 Ti 2 and Cu 4 Ti 3 . Formation of an amorphous phase at certain locations in the BZ could be revealed. The b-Ti(Cu) layer, formed due to diffusion of Cu into Ti-based material, transformed to an a-Ti + CuTi 2 eutectoid with lamellar morphology. Tensile test showed that the brazed joints had strength of 112 MPa and failed at the BZ. The possible sequence of events that led to the final microstructure and the mode of failure of these joints were delineated.

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“…A Ni-depleted solid solution layer and a discontinuous layer of (Ni,Fe) 2 TiAl intermetallic compound formed on the SS surface and adjacent to the SS-braze alloy interface, respectively. Three parallel contiguous layers of intermetallic compounds, CuTi, AgTi, and (Ag,Cu)Ti 2 , formed at the Ti-braze alloy interface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extensive use of Ti and its alloys in various sectors, for example, aerospace, transportation, chemical, nuclear, and power generation, requires them to be joinied to other materials for integration and fabrication of various components. [1,2] Of particular interest to the nuclear industry, is the application of Ti in fabricating the dissolvers of spent nuclear fuel used in reprocessing plants. This requires it to be joined to the piping of the plant, which is generally made of stainless steel (SS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Active Metal Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium

Laik

Shirzadi

Tewari

et al. 2013

Metall Mater Trans A

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Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions during active metal vacuum brazing of Ti (grade-2) and stainless steel (SS 304L) using a Ag-based alloy containing Cu, Ti, and Al was investigated. A Ni-depleted solid solution layer and a discontinuous layer of (Ni,Fe) 2 TiAl intermetallic compound formed on the SS surface and adjacent to the SS-braze alloy interface, respectively. Three parallel contiguous layers of intermetallic compounds, CuTi, AgTi, and (Ag,Cu)Ti 2 , formed at the Ti-braze alloy interface. The diffusion path for the reaction at this interface was established. Transmission electron microscopy revealed formation of nanocrystals of Ag-Cu alloy of size ranging between 20 and 30 nm in the unreacted braze alloy layer. The interdiffusion zone of b-Ti(Ag,Cu) solid solution, formed on the Ti side of the joint, showed eutectoid decomposition to lamellar colonies of a-Ti and internally twinned (Cu,Ag)Ti 2 intermetallic phase, with an orientation relationship between the two. Bend tests indicated that the failure in the joints occurred by formation and propagation of the crack mostly along the Tibraze alloy interface, through the (Ag,Cu)Ti 2 phase layer.

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Diffusion bonding of commercially pure titanium to 304 stainless steel using copper interlayer

Cited by 224 publications

References 11 publications

Dissimilar metal joining of stainless steel and titanium using copper as transition metal

Dissimilar metal joining of stainless steel and titanium using copper as transition metal

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Active Metal Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium

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