Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Active Metal Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium

Laik, A.; Shirzadi, A. A.; Tewari, R.; Kumar, Anish; Jayakumar, T.; Dey, G.K.

doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1599-1

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In order to solve these problems, many welding methods have been practiced to investigate the joining between titanium alloys and stainless steels, mainly including brazing welding [7,[16][17][18][19][20], laser welding [2,5,6,[21][22][23][24][25], electronbeam welding [26][27][28][29][30][31], diffusion bonding [32][33][34][35][36], explosive welding [37][38][39][40], and friction stir welding [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Cu-based and Ag-based fillers were usually used to braze titanium/steel joints, while scattered brittle intermetallics, such as (Fe,Cu)Ti, Cu 4 Ti 3 , and CuTi [20,48] and Cu 4 Ti and CuTi 2 [7], were induced to the interfaces which were detrimental to the mechanical properties of the joints, and maximum possible tensile strength of the joints was found to be no more than 200 MPa [16][17][18][19][20]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

Song

Fang

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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High-quality joints between titanium alloys and stainless steels have found applications for nuclear, petrochemical, cryogenic, and aerospace industries due to their relatively low cost, lightweight, high corrosion resistance, and appreciable mechanical properties.is article reviews diffusion bonding between titanium alloys and stainless steels with or without interlayers. For diffusion bonding of a titanium alloy and a stainless steel without an interlayer, the optimized temperature is in the range of 800-950°C for a period of 60-120 min. Sound joint can be obtained, but brittle FeTi and Fe-Cr-Ti phases are formed at the interface. e development process of a joint mainly includes three steps: matching surface closure, growth of brittle intermetallic compounds, and formation of the Kirkendall voids. Growth kinetics of interfacial phases needs further clarification in terms of growth velocity of the reacting layer, moving speed of the phase interface, and the order for a new phase appears. e influence of Cu, Ni (or nickel alloy), and Ag interlayers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the joints is systematically summarized. e content of FeTi and Fe-Cr-Ti phases at the interface can be declined significantly by the addition of an interlayer. Application of multi-interlayer well prevents the formation of intermetallic phases by forming solid solution at the interface, and parameters can be predicted by using a parabolic diffusion law. e selection of multi-interlayer was done based on two principles: no formation of brittle intermetallic phases and transitional physical properties between titanium alloy and stainless steel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

Song

Fang

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Formation of such two-phase regions on the Ti-side is a commonly observed phenomenon during the brazing of Ti with Ag-based alloys. [10,12,14,16,19] Recently, the formation of a-Ti + CuTi 2 eutectoid due to interfacial reaction of Ti with Ag-28Cu eutectic alloy at 1123 K (850 C) was also confirmed by Shiue et al using TEM analysis. [19] The present authors showed recently, that the two phases in the a-Ti + (Cu,Ag)Ti 2 eutectoid layer, formed during brazing of SS to Ti with an Ag-Cu-based alloy at 1203 K (930 C), bear an orientation relationship.…”

Section: Braze Alloy-titanium Interfacementioning

confidence: 79%

“…[19] The present authors showed recently, that the two phases in the a-Ti + (Cu,Ag)Ti 2 eutectoid layer, formed during brazing of SS to Ti with an Ag-Cu-based alloy at 1203 K (930 C), bear an orientation relationship. [10] In spite of being the major element in the braze alloy, Ag did not diffuse much into the Ti base material through the BZ/Ti interface, which is also evident from the X-ray maps of Ti and Cu in Figure 2. This could be attributed to the fact that Cu is a faster diffusing species compared to Ag in a-Ti matrix; the activation energies for diffusion being 195 and 205 kJ/mol, respectively.…”

Section: Braze Alloy-titanium Interfacementioning

confidence: 84%

“…The details of specimen preparation is given elsewhere. [10] The variation in hardness across the brazed cross-section was recorded using an ultra-nanohardness tester (UNHT). The maximum load used in the indentations was 3 mN with loading and unloading rate of 0.1 mN/s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8,9] The choice of vacuum brazing for joining Ti alloys and stainless steels, in preference to fusion welding, diffusion bonding, and explosion welding, is elaborated elsewhere. [10] Silver-based alloys are very often used for joining Ti and its alloys, primarily due to their good wetting characteristics and high strength coupled with adequate ductility in the brazed joints. [7] Given its importance in engineering applications, the brazing of Ti and its alloys with steels has been investigated quite extensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Laik

Shirzadi

Sharma

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions during vacuum brazing of grade-2 Ti and 304L-type stainless steel (SS) using eutectic alloy Ag-28 wt pct Cu were investigated. A thin Ni-depleted zone of a-Fe(Cr, Ni) solid solution formed on the SS-side of the braze zone (BZ). Cu from the braze alloy, in combination with the dissolved Fe and Ti from the base materials, formed a layer of ternary compound s 2 , adjacent to Ti in the BZ. In addition, four binary intermetallic compounds, Cu 3 Ti 2 , Cu 4 Ti 3 , CuTi and CuTi 2 formed as parallel contiguous layers in the BZ. The unreacted Ag solidified as islands within the layers of Cu 3 Ti 2 and Cu 4 Ti 3 . Formation of an amorphous phase at certain locations in the BZ could be revealed. The b-Ti(Cu) layer, formed due to diffusion of Cu into Ti-based material, transformed to an a-Ti + CuTi 2 eutectoid with lamellar morphology. Tensile test showed that the brazed joints had strength of 112 MPa and failed at the BZ. The possible sequence of events that led to the final microstructure and the mode of failure of these joints were delineated.

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Research Progress on Control Strategy of Intermetallic Compounds in Welding Process of Heterogeneous Materials

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, countries around the world have continuously increased their efforts in environmental governance. It has higher requirements for the performance of materials, not only to ensure that it is clean and nonpolluting, but also to maximize benefits. The mechanical properties and economic value of a single material can no longer meet the production needs of enterprises. Therefore, more people use composite materials to replace single materials. The use of composite materials not only can effectively respond to the concept of green development, but also reduces cost input to a lager extent. The composite of dissimilar metals can volatilize the respective advantages of the two materials. Common materials can be used to replace rare metals to reduce the use of precious metals. [1][2][3][4] World-renowned automobile companies such as Japan's Toyota and Honda are vigorously researching lightweight production technologies. Lightweight alloys (such as magnesium [Mg] alloys, aluminum [Al] alloys, etc.) could be used in place of steel in non-load-bearing structures. Mg alloys are one of the lightest metal materials so far, with a density of only 1.74 g cm À3 , which is about 2/3 of Al, 1/4 of zinc, and 1/5 of steel. They have high specific strength, specific stiffness, good damping performance, and easy recycling and other advantages, known as the "21st century green engineering metal materials." Titanium (Ti) alloy is expensive and its processing performance is relatively poor. Steel has

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Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Active Metal Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy

Research Progress on Control Strategy of Intermetallic Compounds in Welding Process of Heterogeneous Materials

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