Differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells is affected by trauma-haemorrhage

Hemorrhage Trauma Increases Radiation-Induced Trabecular Bone Loss and Marrow Cell Depletion in Mice

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that nonlethal hemorrhage results in a beneficial response to bone tissue, evoking a systemic osteogenic response. Acute blood loss in rodents results in immediate and sustained increases in biomarkers of bone formation (i.e., osteocalcin, osteoprotogerin) and lower bone resorption activity (i.e., RANKL) (22,23). Furthermore, acute hemorrhage has demonstrated the ability to increase mineral apposition rate and osteoblast number and reduce osteoclast number (22).…”

The role of pleiotrophin in bone repair

“…Bone repair is a complex process of biological events regulated by specific cells, the extracellular matrix, distinct growth factors and a variety of hormones [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. Despite the increased intrinsic capacity of bone to restore fracture healing without scar formation, non-union may still occur in 5-10% of the cases [101].…”

Is There an Impact of Concomitant Injuries and Timing of Fixation of Major Fractures on Fracture Healing? A Focused Review of Clinical and Experimental Evidence

“…Thus, the responses after blood loss and trauma may be regulated by similar mechanisms. 25 Neunaber et al observed a diminished osteoclast count after hemorrhage in intact femora. The effects of hemorrhage on osteoclasts seemed to be mediated by the RANKL-OPGsignaling pathway.…”

“…In a further study, hemorrhage and resuscitation did not reveal significant effects on mechanical properties and bone formation rate. 24,25 In conclusion, the effects of hemorrhagic shock on fracture healing remain. First, as the period of these diverse studies was rather short, the relevance of the observed mechanisms for definitive fracture healing is unknown.…”