Differential Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Cardiovascular System

Abstract

Leptin and adiponectin are differentially expressed adipokines in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Leptin levels are directly associated with adipose tissue mass, while adiponectin levels are downregulated in obesity. Although significantly produced by adipocytes, leptin is also produced by vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Plasma leptin concentrations are elevated in cases of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction. As for the event of left ventricular hypertrophy, researchers have been stirring controversy about the role of leptin in this form of cardiac remodeling. In this review, we discuss how leptin has been shown to play an antihypertrophic role in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy through in vitro experiments, population-based cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal cohort studies. Conversely, we also examine how leptin may actually promote left ventricular hypertrophy using in vitro analysis and human-based univariate and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. On the other hand, as opposed to leptin's generally detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, adiponectin is a cardioprotective hormone that reduces left ventricular and vascular hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In this review, we also highlight adiponectin signaling and its protective actions on the cardiovascular system.

WITHDRAWN: Association between ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism and risk of diabetic nephropathy

“…The adiponectin protein encoded by the ADIPOQ gene can prevent vascular remodeling by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells and reduce TNF-α production to modulate the inflammatory response of endothelial cells [38,39]. In addition, adiponectin can protect vasculature through its pleiotropic actions on endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells [40].…”

Changing of Leptin Concentration in Ovariaectomized Rats with Metabolic Syndrome in the Conditions of Immune Activity Compounds Administration

“…Саме з прогресуючою втратою естрогенів пов'язано підвищення ризику розвитку у жінок в постменопаузі ожиріння, діабету і серцево-судинних захворювань. Результати епідеміологіч-них досліджень свідчать, що захворювання серце-во-судинної системи є відповідальними за третину усіх смертей жінок у світі та половину усіх смертей жінок у віці понад 50 років [1]. Головним фактором ризику серцево-судинної патології у жінок цієї віко-вої категорії вважають метаболічний синдром (МС), незалежним предиктором компонентів якого визнано менопаузу [2].…”

Epigenetics and obesity cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to prevention and management

“…These findings favor a role for leptin and adiponectin epigenetic profiles in adiposity and LDL-C levels. Both leptin and adiponectin are known to directly participate in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced cardiomyopathy (Dong & Ren, 2014;Ghantous et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2013), although further evidence is needed to validate the role of DNA methylation of these two adipokines in the onset and development of obesity cardiomyopathy and the role of LDL-C, if any.…”