Differential occurrence of the oxidative burst and the activity of defence-related enzymes in compatible and incompatible tomato-Oidium neolycopersici interactions

Balbi-Peña, María Isabel; Schwan-Estrada, Kátia Regina Freitas; Stangarlin, José Renato

doi:10.1007/s13313-012-0150-6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Necrotrophic pathogens thrive on dead host tissues. They often secrete effectors and phytotoxic secondary metabolites, trigger ROS excessive accumulation in host plants, and induce plant cell death, consequently facilitating the growth of necrotrophic pathogens in host plants [10,14,36]. In rice blast fungus M. oryzae, Avr-Pita, belonging to the M35 metalloprotease family, acts as an effector and its M35 domain directly interacts with the rice resistance protein Pi-ta, which confers rice blast resistance [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biotrophic pathogens have to obtain nutrients from living host cells and tissues, and thus they often secrete limited amounts of cell wall-degrading enzymes and effectors to suppress the host immune system [13]. In the infected plants, excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can promote plant cell death and is believed to arrest the growth of biotrophic pathogens [14,15]. In contrast, necrotrophic pathogens thrive on the dead host tissues that are killed before or during the microbial colonization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide Identification of M35 Family Metalloproteases in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of RcMEP2 as a Virulence Factor during the Fungal Infection to Wheat

Pan

Wen

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of the devastating disease, sharp eyespot, of the important crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In phytopathogenic fungi, several M36 metalloproteases have been implicated in virulence, but pathogenesis roles of M35 family metalloproteases are largely unknown. Here, we identified four M35 family metalloproteases from R. cerealis genome, designated RcMEP2–RcMEP5, measured their transcriptional profiles, and investigated RcMEP2 function. RcMEP2-RcMEP5 are predicted as secreted metalloproteases since each protein sequence contains a signal peptide and an M35 domain that includes two characteristic motifs HEXXE and GTXDXXYG. Transcription levels of RcMEP2-RcMEP5 markedly elevated during the fungus infection to wheat, among which RcMEP2 expressed with the highest level. Functional dissection indicated that RcMEP2 and its M35 domain could trigger H2O2 rapidly-excessive accumulation, induce cell death, and inhibit expression of host chitinases. This consequently enhanced the susceptibility of wheat to R. cerealis and the predicated signal peptide of RcMEP2 functions required for secretion and cell death-induction. These results demonstrate that RcMEP2 is a virulence factor and that its M35 domain and signal peptide are necessary for the virulence role of RcMEP2. This study facilitates a better understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism of metalloproteases in phytopathogens including R. cerealis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of M35 Family Metalloproteases in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of RcMEP2 as a Virulence Factor during the Fungal Infection to Wheat

Pan

Wen

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cells may promote HR and cell death ( Temme and Tudzynski, 2009 ; Ma et al, 2015 ). H 2 O 2 is a primary type of ROS and is correlated with the early defense response accompanying cell death ( Balbi-Pena et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2014 ). Therefore, we examined if treatment of MBP-RcCUT1 protein could induce H 2 O 2 production in plant leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Cutinase Gene Family in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Study of an Active Cutinase RcCUT1 in the Fungal–Wheat Interaction

et al. 2018

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food of more than 50% of global population. Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of sharp eyespot, a devastating disease of cereal crops including wheat. Cutinases produced by fungal pathogens play important roles in host-pathogen compatible interactions, but little is known about cutinases in R. cerealis. In this study, we identified a total of six cutinase encoding genes from R. cerealis genome, designated as RcCUT1–RcCUT6, analyzed their expression patterns during the infection, and determined virulence role for RcCUT1. All the proteins, RcCUT1–RcCUT6, contain a highly conserved GYSKG motif and another conserved C-x(3)-D-x(2)-C-x(2)-[GS]-[GSD]-x(4)-[AP]-H motif in the carbohydrate esterase 5 domain. The RcCUT1, RcCUT2, RcCUT4, and RcCUT5 are predicted to be secreted proteins containing four cysteine residues. These six cutinase genes had different expression patterns during the fungal infection process to wheat, among which RcCUT1 was highly expressed across all the infection time points but RcCUT6 was not expressed at all and the others were expressed only at certain time points. Further, RcCUT1 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to obtain a purified protein. The purified RcCUT1 was shown to possess the cutinase activity and be able to induce necrosis, H2O2 accumulation, and expression of defense-related genes when infiltrated into wheat and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. In contrast, RcCUT1 protein with serine mutation at the first motif had no cutinase activity, consequently lost the ability to induce necrosis. Noticeably, application of the purified RcCUT1 with R. cerealis led to significantly higher levels of the disease in wheat leaves than application of the fungus alone. These results strongly suggest that RcCUT1 serves as a virulence factor for the fungus. This is the first investigation of the cutinase genes in R. cerealis and the findings provide an important insight into pathogenesis mechanisms of R. cerealis on wheat.

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“…H2O2, a major type of ROS, often is correlated with cell death [35,36]. We examined if treatment of RcXYN1 could induce H2O2 production in the plant leaves.…”

Section: Rcxyn1 Can Induce H2o2accumulation In Infiltrated Plant Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater H2O2 accumulation occurred at 15 min to 45 min after His-TF-RcXYN1 infiltration and with a significant decrease at 3 h and later time points (Figure 7), suggesting that ROS generation induced by RcXYN1 may be an early event. [35,36]. We examined if treatment of RcXYN1 could induce H 2 O 2 production in the plant leaves.…”

Section: Rcxyn1 Can Induce H2o2accumulation In Infiltrated Plant Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Characterization of GH10 Family Xylanase Genes in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of Xylanase RcXYN1 During Fungus Infection in Wheat

Lü

Liu

Zhang

2020

IJMS

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of diseases that are devastating to cereal crops, including wheat. Xylanases play an important role in pathogenic infection, but little is known about xylanases in R. cerealis. Herein, we identified nine xylanase-encoding genes from the R. cerealis genome, named RcXYN1–RcXYN9, examined their expression patterns, and investigated the pathogenicity role of RcXYN1. RcXYN1–RcXYN9 proteins contain two conserved glutamate residues within the active motif in the glycoside hydrolase 10 (GH10) domain. Of them, RcXYN1–RcXYN4 are predicted to be secreted proteins. RcXYN1–RcXYN9 displayed different expression patterns during the infection process of wheat, and RcXYN1, RcXYN2, RcXYN5, and RcXYN9 were expressed highly across all the tested inoculation points. Functional dissection indicated that the RcXYN1 protein was able to induce necrosis/cell-death and H2O2 generation when infiltrated into wheat and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Furthermore, application of RcXYN1 protein followed by R. cerealis led to significantly higher levels of the disease in wheat leaves than application of the fungus alone. These results demonstrate that RcXYN1 acts as a pathogenicity factor during R. cerealis infection in wheat. This is the first investigation of xylanase genes in R. cerealis, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis mechanisms of R. cerealis.

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Differential occurrence of the oxidative burst and the activity of defence-related enzymes in compatible and incompatible tomato-Oidium neolycopersici interactions

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

Genome-Wide Identification of M35 Family Metalloproteases in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of RcMEP2 as a Virulence Factor during the Fungal Infection to Wheat

Genome-Wide Identification of M35 Family Metalloproteases in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of RcMEP2 as a Virulence Factor during the Fungal Infection to Wheat

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Cutinase Gene Family in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Study of an Active Cutinase RcCUT1 in the Fungal–Wheat Interaction

Global Characterization of GH10 Family Xylanase Genes in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of Xylanase RcXYN1 During Fungus Infection in Wheat

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