Differential effects of dexamethasone on the thymus and spleen: alterations in programmed cell death, lymphocyte subsets and activation of T cells

Ahmed, S. Ansar; Sriranganathan, N.

doi:10.1016/0162-3109(94)90039-6

Cited by 28 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Glucocorticoids have been shown to induce apoptosis and cause acute thymic involution in rodents, and this pathway of involution may be relevant physiologically in response to stress and inflammation. 27, 28 δ KO or δ WT mice were injected with dexamethasone, the thymus was harvested after 2 h, and active caspase-3 was assayed by immunhistochemistry. As seen in Figure 7a, dexamethasone is a potent inducer of apoptosis in the thymus of both δ KO or δ WT mice; however, no significant difference in caspase-3 activation was found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of protein kinase C delta alters mammary gland development and apoptosis

et al. 2010

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As apoptotic pathways are commonly deregulated in breast cancer, exploring how mammary gland cell death is regulated is critical for understanding human disease. We show that primary mammary epithelial cells from protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) −/− mice have a suppressed response to apoptotic agents in vitro. In the mammary gland in vivo, apoptosis is critical for ductal morphogenesis during puberty and involution following lactation. We have explored mammary gland development in the PKCδ −/− mouse during these two critical windows. Branching morphogenesis was altered in 4- to 6-week-old PKCδ −/− mice as indicated by reduced ductal branching; however, apoptosis and proliferation in the terminal end buds was unaltered. Conversely, activation of caspase-3 during involution was delayed in PKCδ −/− mice, but involution proceeded normally. The thymus also undergoes apoptosis in response to physiological signals. A dramatic suppression of caspase-3 activation was observed in the thymus of PKCδ −/− mice treated with irradiation, but not mice treated with dexamethasone, suggesting that there are both target- and tissue-dependent differences in the execution of apoptotic pathways in vivo. These findings highlight a role for PKCδ in both apoptotic and nonapoptotic processes in the mammary gland and underscore the redundancy of apoptotic pathways in vivo.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of protein kinase C delta alters mammary gland development and apoptosis

et al. 2010

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“…Type II has higher affinity for dexamethasone and it is the only one detected in the thymus (22). Moreover, it is important to stress that immature thymocytes are more susceptible to apoptosis after drug administration than mature cells, hence most obvious differences in weight will be observed in the thymus itself (20,23). Dexamethasone mediated thymus atrophy can be reversed with full recovery after a certain period of time (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of traumatic exposure on thymus weight level after dexamethasone application in rats

Knežević¹,

Ivanišević²,

Kojović³

et al. 2022

Medicinski podmladak

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Introduction: Thymus is the central lymphoid organ responsible for proper immune cell maturation, hence ensuring functional T cell repertoire. Stress induces elevated levels of hormones that profoundly alter immune response. Susceptibility to physiologically synthesised and exogenously applied glucocorticoids make thymus an ideal substrate for anatomical and morphological analysis. Aim: Our research aimed to investigate the impact of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids on thymus weight level. Material and methods: Experimental procedure was conducted on male Wistar rats, 12 in total, divided into 2 groups - control and experimental. Latter was exposed to two kinds of stressors. Acute stress included immobilization with exposure to the predator's odor. Chronic social stress included rotation of the animals held in pairs. On the 11th day of the experimental procedure, half of the experimental group received dexamethasone treatment (impact of endogenous + exogenous glucocorticoids) while the other half did not (impact of endogenous glucocorticoids). After the experiment, animals were sacrificed and their thymuses were obtained and measured. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used to test differences between groups and LSD test for each group testing. Results: Results showed statistically significant differences between the thymus mass of different groups (F=4.336, p=0.048). The part of the experimental group that received dexamethasone had a smaller thymus weight level compared to the part of the experimental group that received no treatment (p=0.024). No statistically relevant results were obtained after comparing thymus masses from impact of endogenous glucocorticoids and control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Exogenous glucocorticoids induce morphological changes in thymus which are observed in decreased weight level. Stress induced thymus apoptosis, but it was not sufficient to lead to decrease in thymic mass. Our further experiments will put emphasis on understanding of morphological and anatomical changes caused by stress.

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“…Both dexamethasone and MEBO showed similar anti-inflammatory efficacies in CD mice. However, dexamethasone significantly lowered the spleen/body weight ratio, which can be used as a hallmark of immune reaction,[ 25 26 27 ] compared to the normal group and the CTL group [ Figure 6b ]. In addition, average body weight gain was significantly lowered by treatment with dexamethasone [ Figure 6a ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects of Brassica oleracea Var. capitata L. (Cabbage) methanol extract in mice with contact dermatitis

et al. 2018

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Background:Cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., is one of the most common vegetables in the world. Because of its high levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins, cabbage has long been used as a herbal medicine. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cabbage were also recently been reported.Objective:This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cabbage in mice with contact dermatitis (CD).Materials and Methods:We investigated the effects of methanol extract of B. oleracea var. capitata L. (MEBO) on ear swelling, erythema, and histopathological changes in CD mice. Moreover, the effects on cytokine production and the spleen/body weight ratio were investigated.Results:Topical treatment with MEBO inhibited ear swelling and erythema significantly. MEBO also significantly inhibited epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of immune cells. Furthermore, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in inflamed tissues were effectively lowered by MEBO. Finally, MEBO did not affect body weight gain or spleen body weight ratio.Conclusions:These results indicate that cabbage can be used for the treatment of skin inflammation and that its anti-inflammatory activity is closely related to the inhibition of Th1 skewing reactions.SUMMARY MEBO inhibited ear thickness, weight, and erythema in inflamed skinMEBO also prevented epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of immune cellsThe levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in inflamed tissues were lowered by MEBO. Abbreviations used: AOO: Acetone and olive oil (4:1), CBA: Cytometric bead array, CD: Contact dermatitis, DEX: Dexamethasone, DNFB: 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, ICAM-1: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, MEBO: Methanol extract of Brassica oleracea, MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1, NO: Nitric oxide.

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Differential effects of dexamethasone on the thymus and spleen: alterations in programmed cell death, lymphocyte subsets and activation of T cells

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Loss of protein kinase C delta alters mammary gland development and apoptosis

Loss of protein kinase C delta alters mammary gland development and apoptosis

The effect of traumatic exposure on thymus weight level after dexamethasone application in rats

Anti-inflammatory effects of Brassica oleracea Var. capitata L. (Cabbage) methanol extract in mice with contact dermatitis

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