Different Patterns of Nerve Enlargement in Polyneuropathy Subtypes as Detected by Ultrasonography

Nerve ultrasound in polyneuropathies

“…Nerve enlargement is common in CIDP (64–89% of patients), typically with a predominance in proximal nerve segments in the upper extremity and the brachial plexus, and evaluation of these areas has the highest diagnostic yield . Ultrasound evaluation of the lower extremity is less informative than evaluation of the upper limb in CIDP . MRI is required to detect the enlargement in the lumbosacral plexus and very proximal sciatic nerve .…”

“…In addition to enlargement, nerves in CIDP can have increased vascularization, increased echogenicity, and fascicular enlargement or loss of the normal fascicular appearance . In contrast, patients with axonal polyneuropathies usually show no or only minimal nerve enlargement outside of common sites of entrapment …”

Ultrasound and electrophysiologic findings in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome at disease onset and over a period of six months

“…The value of nerve ultrasonography (NUS) in immune-mediated polyneuropathies is well described (Beekman et al, 2005;Gallardo et al, 2015;Grimm et al, 2014a,b,c;Hobson-Webb and Cartwright, 2014;Kerasnoudis et al, 2013Kerasnoudis et al, , 2014aPadua et al, 2012Padua et al, , 2014Scheidl et al, 2012Scheidl et al, , 2014Zaidman et al, 2009Zaidman et al, , 2013Zaidman et al, , 2014.…”

Sonographic Findings of Polyneuropathy Associated With Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: A Case Report

“…On ultrasonographic examination, the CSA of the posterior tibial nerve was 150% to 220% greater than the normal reference value [89]. In addition, the CSAs of the other peripheral nerves were also significantly larger than the upper limits of the normal reference values [8910]. …”