Differences in uterine position of reproductively normal mares and those with delayed uterine clearance detected by scintigraphy

LeBlanc, Michelle M.; Neuwirth, Lisa; Jones, Lauren L.; Cage, C.R.; Mauragis, D.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00112-5

Cited by 73 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is commonly assumed that mares that are susceptible to PPBEM are older maiden [21,31] or multi-parous mares [21,8,9,18] with a history of repeated fluid accumulation [31] and low fertility rates [47]. However, new studies by Veronesi et al [42] show that the average age of normal mares (14 years) and susceptible mares (16 years) is not significantly different.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Ppbemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine post-breeding endometritis: A review

et al. 2008

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The deposition of semen, bacteria and debris in the uterus of the mare after breeding normally induces a self-limiting endometritis. The resultant fluid and inflammatory products are cleared by 48 hours post cover. Mares that are susceptible to persistent post-breeding endometritis (PPBEM) have impaired uterine defence and clearance mechanisms, making them unable to resolve this inflammation within the normal time. This persists beyond 48 hours post-breeding and causes persistent fluid accumulation within the uterus. Mares with PPBEM have an increased rate of embryonic loss and a lower overall pregnancy rate than those without the condition. To enhance conception rates, mares at high risk need optimal breeding management as well as early diagnosis, followed by the most appropriate treatment. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of PPBEM and the management of affected mares.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Ppbemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine post-breeding endometritis: A review

et al. 2008

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“…Possible reasons for fluid accumulations besides impaired myometrial activity include an uterus that tilts ventrally in relation to the pelvic brim and poor cervical relaxation during oestrus (LeBlanc et al 1998). Because of gravity, fluid accumulates in ventral dilations of the uterus (Knudsen 1964).…”

Section: Conformation Of the Reproductive Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about susceptibility of mares to endometritis?

Katila¹

2008

PHK

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SummaryBreeding of mares is followed by uterine contamination of bacteria and inflammation. The inflammation is due to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) which are induced by spermatozoa. Normal mares eliminate bacteria, sperm and inflammatory by-products rapidly, in 24-48 hours, but some mares are not capable of doing this. These mares are called susceptible to uterine infections, because the normally transient inflammation becomes persistent endometritis. This review focuses on uterine defence mechanisms on post-breeding endometritis particularly and on the predisposing factors that lead to persistent uterine infection. The defence mechanisms of the uterus against foreign invaders comprise complex interactions between different elements. The defence is largely modified by steroid hormones. The uterus is part of the mucosal immune system which consists of humoral and cellular defence. All aspects of PMN function are vital in the defence against bacterial invaders: migration in sufficient numbers into the desired site in response to chemotaxis, coating of bacteria by opsonins, phagocytosis and intracellular killing. There is no conclusive evidence, however, that any of these are deficient in mares susceptible to endometritis. Instead, increasing evidence shows that differences in the mechanical drainage of the uterus provide the best explanation for susceptibility to uterine infections. Adequate cervical dilation, effective myometrial contractions and lymphatic drainage are required for the maintenance of uterine health. Delayed uterine clearance results in intrauterine fluid accumulation and in subsequent endometritis. The anatomical barriers of the mare have to be intact: their disruption severely predisposes the mare to endometritis.Keywords: mare, endometritis, uterine inflammation, uterine drainage, uterine defence, reproduction

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“…Outra característica é o posicionamento do útero, que nestas éguas está projetado para o interior da cavidade abdominal, apresenta uma angulação maior e um nível mais baixo em relação ao assoalho da pelve, se comparado com o de éguas jovens e sadias. Esta posição dificulta a drenagem do conteúdo uterino (Leblanc et al 1998). Ainda, a maioria destas éguas apresenta deficiência no fechamento vulvar (Troedsson 1997).…”

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Estudo comparativo de éguas repetidoras ou não de cio através da avaliação histológica do endométrio e das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona

Eigenheer-Moreira

Fernandes²,

Queiroz³

et al. 2007

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Comparative study of repeat breeds and healthy mares through endometrial Comparative study of repeat breeds and healthy mares through endometrial Comparative study of repeat breeds and healthy mares through endometrial Comparative study of repeat breeds and healthy mares through endometrial Comparative study of repeat breeds and healthy mares through endometrial histology and plasmatic progesterone concentrations histology and plasmatic progesterone concentrations histology and plasmatic progesterone concentrations histology and plasmatic progesterone concentrations histology and plasmatic progesterone concentrations.] Estudo comparativo de éguas repetidoras ou não de cio através da avaliação histológica do endométrio e das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27 (12) The study aimed to compare endometrial histology and plasmatic progesterone (P4) concentration of repeat breeds and healthy mares. The hypothesis was that there is a correlation between infertility and endometrial histology and P4 concentration in both groups. A total of 36 Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador mares in reproductive age (3-23 years) were used, 11 of them were healthy mares (Control group, 7 embryo recipient and 4 embryo donors), and 25 repeat breeders (10 embryo recipient and 15 embryo donors), classified as based on their reproductive history. Endometrial and blood samples were collected for respectively histological and plasma progesterone concentration evaluation. The endometrial samples obtained after biopsy were fixed in Bouin's fluid, processed, included in paraffin, and stained with HematoxylinEosin (HE) for histopathological examination. Plasmatic progesterone concentrations were evaluated by enzyme immunoessay (ELISA). There was no correlation between progesterone concentration and fertility. But there was a positive correlation between age and fertility, as older mares had major tendency of subfertility than younger ones. There was also a correlation between biopsy categories and fertility, as more histological alterations were found, higher were the chances for the mares to be subfertile. However not all mares classified as Category I and II maintained pregnancy until parturition. Other factors could influence pregnancy maintenance. In the same way, not all mares in Category III were infertile. The endometrial biopsy was shown to be an easy and cheap diagnostic technique with minimal discomfort to the animals and, together with other data, to be a very important component in the investigation of mare fertility.

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Differences in uterine position of reproductively normal mares and those with delayed uterine clearance detected by scintigraphy

Cited by 73 publications

References 5 publications

Equine post-breeding endometritis: A review

Equine post-breeding endometritis: A review

What do we know about susceptibility of mares to endometritis?

Estudo comparativo de éguas repetidoras ou não de cio através da avaliação histológica do endométrio e das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona

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