Equine post-breeding endometritis: A review

Maischberger, Eva; Irwin, Jane A.; Carrington, Stephen D.; Duggan, Vivienne

doi:10.1186/2046-0481-61-3-163

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is not uncommon that mares with a long history of normal fertility can acquire post-breeding endometritis. In such cases, the clinician has no opportunity for prophylactic intervention [56].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, myeloperoxidase has been investigated as a uterine inflammatory biomarker, but the relationship between its concentration and pathologic uterine conditions needs further studies [59]. To increase the pregnancy rates in "problem" mares, the practitioner should dispose a quick and reliable diagnostic technique to start the best treatment as soon as possible in the breeding season [56].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mares' reproductive tract examination should include a body condition scoring and the notation of previous or existing foot problems [57]. Any changes in perineal, vulvar or cervical conformation should be evaluated before breeding [56][57]63]. The two vulvar labia may not create a proper seal due to persistent relaxation of the vulva, and the rectum may be displaced cranially, stretching the vulva dorsally to the ischiatic arch and causing repeated fecal contamination of vulva and vestibule [56].…”

Section: 2 Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any changes in perineal, vulvar or cervical conformation should be evaluated before breeding [56][57]63]. The two vulvar labia may not create a proper seal due to persistent relaxation of the vulva, and the rectum may be displaced cranially, stretching the vulva dorsally to the ischiatic arch and causing repeated fecal contamination of vulva and vestibule [56]. This kind of conformation is linked to the loss of fat in the perineal area due to a high level of fitness, and muscular fatigue and estrus exacerbate the perineal relaxation, but it can also be a heritable trait [63][64].…”

Section: 2 Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Pasolini¹,

Prete²,

Fabbri³

et al. 2016

Genital Infections and Infertility

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Most major infertility problems are complex and several factors can cause failure to produce offspring. In the last few years, much of the efforts of practitioners and researchers working in equine breeding industry have been directed to individuate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying poor reproductive performances in mares. Endometritis is on the talk in much of the recent research as the most frequent cause of subfertility in mares that cycle normally but do not conceive and in mares that cycle normally and conceive but then suffer early embryonic death. Post-breeding persistent endometritis, bacterial and other infective endometritis and poor uterine clearance have all been discussed in an attempt to define risk factors and a diagnostic algorithm. The aim of this chapter is to perform a thorough review of recent literature about endometritis. The diagnostic algorithms are carefully examined, highlighting pros as well as pitfalls of each diagnostic aid. Suggested therapeutic protocols are examined in the effort to detect what is actually recommended and what would better benefit from further corroboration. The idea that a better etiopathogenetical understanding of the endometritis remains the key to access to a correct diagnostic protocol and to a successful therapeutic plan will inspire this chapter.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis Of Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2 Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2 Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Pasolini¹,

Prete²,

Fabbri³

et al. 2016

Genital Infections and Infertility

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“…In cows (Gilbert, 2011), mares (Koblischke et al, 2008) and women (Boomsma et al, 2009b), ultrasound monitoring is routinely used to detect fluid in the uterine lumen before undergoing ET. The presence of uterine fluid in the uterine cavity may be a symptom of subclinical endometritis in cattle (Kasimanickam et al, 2004, Barański et al, 2012 or a postbreeding inflammatory response in mares (Watson, 2000) or a reflux of hydrosalpinx fluid into the uterine lumen in women (Sharara et al, 1996) all of which might have a deleterious effect on embryo development and survival, decreasing the pregnancy rates after AI/ET by affecting attachment (Maischberger et al, 2008, He et al, 2010, Brodzki et al, 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of endometrial biopsy on uterine health in tropically adapted beef cattle

Garzon¹,

Orlando²

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In cattle, early embryonic loss during the first two to three weeks after fertilisation is recognised as the major cause of reproductive failure, with consequent significant impacts on business performance of beef and dairy farms. Inadequate endometrial receptivity is considered an important cause of early embryonic mortality in cattle. A pilot experiment was conducted to compare the outcome of performing different endometrial sampling procedures in tropically adapted (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) heifers, and to select the most suitable method to collect samples for investigation of endometrial gene expression. Endometrial biopsy (EB) using a biopsy device with a diameter similar to an artificial insemination gun (10366L Karl Storz®, Germany) was found to be the most reliable method of collecting endometrial samples in these heifers, with the samples recovered yielding a mean concentration of RNA of 72.9 ±39.3 ng/µl and mean RNA integrity number (RIN) of 7.3 ±1.1.To assess the likely safety of conducting EB in cattle a systematic review of published information assessing the impact of EB on subsequent pregnancy rates was conducted. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, online searches identified 1164 possible studies. After applying the exclusion criteria, six studies allowed the comparison of pregnancy rates between sampled (n= 1,208) and non-sampled cows (n=2,393). The results showed that EB can be performed before breeding without adversely affecting the likelihood of cows becoming pregnant.A major objective of the research was to determine whether EB and evaluation of endometrial gene expression could be used to identify tropically adapted embryo transfer (ET) recipients more likely to become pregnant. Three potential EB scenarios were investigated, 1) EB on Day 7 of the oestrous cycle prior to the cycle when ET would be performed, 2) EB on Day 4 of the oestrous cycle in which ET would be performed i.e. EB 3 days before ET, and 3) EB on the same day when ET would be performed.The first study assessed the morphological and inflammatory changes induced by endometrial biopsy. Pre-synchronised heifers underwent EB from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL) either at Day 7 of the previous cycle (Group 1 n=10) followed by administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α or at Day 4 (Group 2, n=7) of the present cycle. All heifers were slaughtered on Day 7 of the present cycle. The site of EB was visually evident in 40% (4/10) of Group 1 and 42% (3/7) of Group 2 heifers. Histological assessment revealed no evidence of changes indicative of endometritis in either the biopsied or non-biopsied horns in both groups. The histological iii changes observed included mild mononuclear infiltration of the epithelium and mild vascular changes associated with haemorrhage and congestion.Initial investigation of the endometrial expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β and wound healing cytokine TGFβ genes found no significant difference betwe...

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A HPLC-based glycoanalytical protocol allows the use of natural O-glycans derived from glycoproteins as substrates for glycosidase discovery from microbial culture

et al. 2013

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Many disorders are characterised by changes in O-glycosylation, but analysis of O-glycosylation has been limited by the availability of specific endo- and exo-glycosidases. As a result chemical methods are employed. However, these may give rise to glycan degradation, so therefore novel O-glycosidases are needed. Artificial substrates do not always identify every glycosidase activity present in an extract. To overcome this, an HPLC-based protocol for glycosidase identification from microbial culture was developed using natural O-glycans and O-glycosylated glycoproteins (porcine stomach mucin and fetuin) as substrates. O-glycans were released by ammonia-based β-elimination for use as substrates, and the bacterial culture supernatants were subjected to ultrafiltration to separate the proteins from glycans and low molecular size molecules. Two bacterial cultures, the psychrotroph Arthrobacter C1-1 and a Corynebacterium isolate, were examined as potential sources of novel glycosidases. Arthrobacter C1-1 culture contained a β-galactosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase when assayed using 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates, but when defucosylated O-glycans from porcine stomach mucin were used as substrate, the extract did not cleave β-linked galactose or N-acetylglucosamine. Sialidase activity was identified in Corynebacterium culture supernatant, which hydrolysed sialic acid from fetuin glycans. When both culture supernatants were assayed using the glycoproteins as substrate, neither contained endoglycosidase activity. This method may be applied to investigate a microbial or other extract for glycosidase activity, and has potential for scale-up on high-throughput platforms.

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Equine post-breeding endometritis: A review

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Effect of endometrial biopsy on uterine health in tropically adapted beef cattle

A HPLC-based glycoanalytical protocol allows the use of natural O-glycans derived from glycoproteins as substrates for glycosidase discovery from microbial culture

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