Differences in the Detection ofCryptosporidiumandIsospora(Cystoisospora) Oocysts According to the Fecal Concentration or Staining Method Used in a Clinical Laboratory

Pacheco, Flávia Thamiris Figueiredo; Silva, Renata K.N.R.; Martins, Adson Santos; Oliveira, Ricardo Riccio; Alcântara-Neves, Neuza Maria; Silva, Moacir P.; Soares, Neci Matos; Teixeira, Márcia Cristina Aquino

doi:10.1645/12-33.1

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The effectiveness of this technique is that it produces a much cleaner product, due in large part to the ethyl acetate extraction of fats, which is of particular importance for immunofluorescence assay (IFA) staining of Cryptosporidium to reduce the level of background fluorescence. There may also be validity to the move to perform a modified concentration technique without using formalin (88,89). Perhaps by removing formalin, subtle changes in the specific gravity of the suspending solution may be sufficient to ensure recovery of oocysts of very low density.…”

Section: Methods For the Detection Of Cyclospora Cystoisospora Crypmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract

Garcia¹,

et al. 2018

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This Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology document on the laboratory diagnosis of parasites from the gastrointestinal tract provides practical information for the recovery and identification of relevant human parasites. The document is based on a comprehensive literature review and expert consensus on relevant diagnostic methods. However, it does not include didactic information on human parasite life cycles, organism morphology, clinical disease, pathogenesis, treatment, or epidemiology and prevention. As greater emphasis is placed on neglected tropical diseases, it becomes highly probable that patients with gastrointestinal parasitic infections will become more widely recognized in areas where parasites are endemic and not endemic. Generally, these methods are nonautomated and require extensive bench experience for accurate performance and interpretation.

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Section: Methods For the Detection Of Cyclospora Cystoisospora Crypmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract

Garcia¹,

et al. 2018

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“…diagnosis. In a previous report, we showed that the concentration of oocysts by CS, followed by mZn staining, proved to be a suitable protocol for Cryptosporidium detection in human faeces (7). Moreover, the ZS method showed lower sensitivity and specificity compared to saturated sugar solution flotation technique for Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Spontaneous sedimentation, centrifugal sedimentation, or formalin-ethyl acetate are widely used for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa and helminths in human and animal stool samples (5)(6)(7)(8). The faecal concentration methods based on sedimentation of parasites are useful for recovering heavy parasite eggs due to the concentration of the organisms in the sediment, whereas the centrifugal-flotation in zinc sulphate (9) is used preferentially to recover protozoa cysts because of the low density of parasitic forms as compared to the salt solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Concordance between the zinc sulphate flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites

et al. 2016

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Introduction:The diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections depends on the parasite load, the specific gravity density of the parasite eggs, oocysts or cysts, and the density and viscosity of flotation or sedimentation medium where faeces are processed. Objective: To evaluate the concordance between zinc sulphate flotation and centrifugal sedimentation in the recovery of parasites in faecal samples of children. Materials and methods: Faecal samples of 330 children from day care centers were evaluated by zinc sulphate flotation and centrifugal sedimentation techniques. The frequencies of detection of parasites by each method were determined and the agreement between the diagnostic techniques was evaluated using the kappa index, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The faecal flotation in zinc sulphate diagnosed significantly more cases of Trichuris trichiura infection when compared to centrifugal sedimentation (39/330; 11.8% vs. 13/330; 3.9%, p<0.001), with low diagnostic concordance between methods (kappa=0.264; 95% CI: 0.102-0.427). Moreover, all positive samples for Enterobius vermicularis eggs (n=5) and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (n=3) were diagnosed only by zinc sulphate. No statistical differences were observed between methods for protozoa identification. Conclusions:The results showed that centrifugal flotation in zinc sulphate solution was significantly more likely to detect light helminths eggs such as those of T. trichiura and E. vermicularis in faeces than the centrifugal sedimentation process.

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“…Stool samples were subjected to the following parasitological tests: (a) sedimentation by centrifugation in water [19]; (b) zinc sulfate (density of solution 1.18 g/mL) centrifugal flotation [20]; and (c) modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining [21]. Two slides were examined for each test.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Intestinal Parasites In Fecal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific IgG and IgA Antibody Reactivities in Sera of Children by Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Comparison With Giardia duodenalis Diagnosis in Feces

et al. 2020

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Background: Giardia duodenalis is conventionally diagnosed in fecal samples using parasitological methods. However, sensitivity is poor when only a single sample is analyzed, due to intermittent excretion of cysts in feces. Alternatively, the serum antibodies to G. duodenalis can be used for parasite diagnosis and epidemiological studies to determine previous exposure. We compared the rate of G. duodenalis infection between serum anti-Giardia IgG and IgA antibodies and fecal examination in Brazilian children. Methods: Fecal and serum samples were tested from 287 children at a clinical laboratory and from 187 children at daycare centers. Fecal samples were processed using conventional parasitological methods and coproantigen detection for Giardia diagnosis. Serum samples were tested using an in-house ELISA for detection of anti-Giardia IgG and IgA. Results: G. duodenalis was found in 8.2% (N = 39) of the 474 children analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 80.0% and 90.0% for IgG and 80.0% and 83.3% for IgA, respectively. The total positivity rate of anti-Giardia IgG and IgA in the sera was 13.9% (N = 66) and 23.6% (N = 112). The agreement between the positivity of specific antibodies and the detection of G. duodenalis in feces was moderate for ELISA-IgG, kappa index (95% CI) = 0.543 (0.422-0.664), and mild for ELISA-IgA, kappa index (95% CI) = 0.283 (0.162-0.404). Among the children infected with other enteroparasites, 11.6% (N = 10) and 24.4% (N = 21) showed reactivity to anti-Giardia IgG and to IgA, respectively. This cross-reactivity was more frequent in samples from children infected with Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli. Conclusions: The higher frequency of specific antibody reactivity compared with G. duodenalis diagnosis in feces could reflect continuous exposure of children to G. duodenalis infection, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and/or cross-reactivity with other intestinal amoebas.

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Differences in the Detection ofCryptosporidiumandIsospora(Cystoisospora) Oocysts According to the Fecal Concentration or Staining Method Used in a Clinical Laboratory

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract

Concordance between the zinc sulphate flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites

Specific IgG and IgA Antibody Reactivities in Sera of Children by Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Comparison With Giardia duodenalis Diagnosis in Feces

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