Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract

Garcia, Lynne S.; Arrowood, Michael J.; Kokoskin, Evelyne; Paltridge, Graeme P.; Pillai, Dylan R.; Procop, Gary W.; Ryan, Norbert; Shimizu, Robyn Y.; Visvesvara, Govinda S.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00025-17

Cited by 143 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…Merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde (MIF) solution was used to temporary staining of sediments obtained from the formalin-ethyl acetate method. The specimen collection, processing, shipping, and the parasitological methods were carried out as described by Garcia et al [8]. All microscopic evaluations and identification were made by the same observer(s) blinded to participants information.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran

et al. 2020

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Background: Determination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasites is a fundamental step to set up an effective control program to improve the health status. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county, southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 861 stool specimens were collected from inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county through a multistage cluster sampling method in 2018. The collected specimens were examined by parasitological methods including, direct wet-mounting (for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency), formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2). The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7). Blastocystis sp. (13.3%), Entamoeba coli (11.4%) and Giardia lamblia (10.6%) as protozoan parasite and Hymenolepis nana (2.4%) as helminthic parasite were the most common detected intestinal parasites in the study. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.5%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (1.0%), Chilomastix mesnili (0.5%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.4%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%) and Ascaris lambercoides (0.3%) were other detected parasites. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases.Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited in Iran.

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Section: Sample Collection and Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran

et al. 2020

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“…One to three stool specimens (1.0-1.5 g collected in plastic vials at 2-day intervals) from Afghan patients treated in Ghazni Provincial Hospital and in Bagram Korean Hospital were fixed in 10% formalin, transported to the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland and tested by light microscopy using three diagnostic methods (direct smear in Lugol's solution, decantation with distilled water and Fülleborn's flotation) [14][15][16].…”

Section: Sample Collection and Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of intestinal parasitic infections among inhabitants of the Ghazni and Parwan provinces, Afghanistan

Korzeniewski¹,

Chung²,

Augustynowicz³

et al. 2017

fmpcr

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Background. The prevalence rates of food-and waterborne parasitic infections in Afghanistan are unknown. Cases of invasive diseases found in Afghans are rarely laboratory-confirmed. Objectives. The aim of the study was to present the current status of intestinal parasitic infections in Afghan inhabitants on the example of patients hospitalized in two healthcare facilities in eastern Afghanistan. Material and methods. Fecal samples were collected from 548 patients (children aged 1-17 years and adults) with internal complaints, treated in Ghazni Provincial Hospital (Afghan civilian medical center, Ghazni province, 180 south-west of Kabul) and in Bagram Korean Hospital (Korean military medical center for Afghan patients, Parwan province, 60 km north of Kabul) between 2013 and 2014. One to three stool specimens from Afghan patients were fixed in 10% formalin, transported to the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland and tested by light microscopy using three diagnostic methods (direct smear in Lugol's solution, decantation in distilled water and Fül-leborn's flotation). Results. Intestinal parasites were found in 144/386 of tested patients from the Ghazni province (37.3% infected, mainly with Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia intestinalis, Hymenolepis nana) and in 49/162 patients from the Parwan province (30.2% infected, mainly with G. intestinalis, A. lumbricoides, H. nana). Conclusions. The rates of intestinal parasitic infections among Afghans are high. The wide range of the detected parasites (protozoa, nematodes, cestodes) should result in the introduction of general screening to be conducted regularly among inhabitants of Afghanistan and the application of targeted antiparasitic chemotherapy aiming to eliminate intestinal helminths and protozoa from the local community.

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“…Clinicians should include infection with D. fragilis in their differential diagnosis of patients presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea, unexplained flatulence, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis of D. fragilis infection depends on proper collection and processing techniques (a minimum of three fecal specimens) (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Although the survival time for this parasite has been reported as 24 to 48 h, morphological characteristics will not be preserved if the specimen is not examined immediately or immediately preserved in a suitable fixative soon after defecation.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dientamoeba fragilis, One of the Neglected Intestinal Protozoa

Garcia¹

2016

J Clin Microbiol

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Dientamoeba fragilis is a single-celled protozoan, closely related to the trichomonads. Reported worldwide as causing human gastrointestinal symptoms, D. fragilis is very common and is second only to Blastocystis spp. Dientamoebiasis equals or exceeds the incidence of giardiasis. This minireview includes diagnostic options, clinical relevance, therapy, an animal model, the confirmed cyst stage, and sequencing data. The development of a rodent model, fulfilling Koch's postulates, and the confirmation of a cyst stage have clarified transmission routes, including fecal-oral transmission. The prevalence of D. fragilis varies between 0% to over 82%; results depend on the geographic location, group studied, and diagnostic methods used.

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Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 143 publications

References 243 publications

Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran

Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran

Current status of intestinal parasitic infections among inhabitants of the Ghazni and Parwan provinces, Afghanistan

Dientamoeba fragilis, One of the Neglected Intestinal Protozoa

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