Objective:To estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their species in Afghan school children and to establish appropriate treatment methods for detected pathogens.Methods:Parasitological examination of stool samples collected from 1369 children aged 8-18, students of the Jahan Malika High School in Ghazni Province in eastern Afghanistan, was conducted in the period November 2013-April 2014. Three stool samples were collected from each patient every second day; the samples were fixed in 10% formalin and tested by light microscopy using the methods of direct smear in Lugol’s solution, decantation in distilled water, and Fülleborn’s flotation.Results:Of 535 examined children (39.1% of the study group) were infected with nematodes (n=324), cestodes (n=118), trematodes (n=12), and protozoa (n=228), 132 were diagnosed with co-infections (mainly ascariasis+giardiasis, ascariasis+hymenolepiasis) and received single or combined therapy.Conclusions:The Afghan community is an example of population characterized by a high rate of parasitic infections. Owing to high prevalence of multiple infections among inhabitants of Afghanistan, it seems that a mass deworming campaign with a single-dose chemotherapy may prove ineffective in eradicating intestinal parasites in the local population.

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Objectives. The Afghans, living in poor socioeconomic conditions, are estimated to be a community with a high rate of intestinal parasitic infections. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and species of intestinal parasites among children's population in eastern Afghanistan and to present the methods of optimizing the techniques for identification of pathogens in light microscopy. The research was carried out as a part of humanitarian project Capacity building of health care system in Ghazni Province. Materials and method. The study involved 500 children aged 7-18 attending the Share Kona and the Khuija Ali High Schools in Ghazni, eastern Afghanistan in the period November 2013-April 2014. Three stool samples were collected from each patient at 2-day intervals, the samples were fixed in 10% formalin, transported to the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland, where they were pooled and examined using five different diagnostic methods in light microscopy (direct smear in Lugol's solution, Fülleborne's flotation, decantation in distilled water, Kato-Miura thick smear, and DiaSys/PARASYS sedimentation system). Results. Pathogenic intestinal parasites were detected in 217 patients (43.4%), with the most common Ascaris lumbricoides (35.3%), Giardia intestinalis (31.1%), and Hymenolepis nana (15.7%). The use of direct smear method allowed for the detection of intestinal parasites in 161 individuals. The application of four following testing methods has improved the detection rates of infected patients by 11.2%. Conclusions. The variety of detected intestinal pathogens in examined children's population has required the use of combination of multiple diagnostic methods in light microscopy, and finally improved the detection rates of intestinal parasites and helped eliminate infections with nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, and protozoa using appropriate treatment in the study population.

Background. The prevalence rates of food-and waterborne parasitic infections in Afghanistan are unknown. Cases of invasive diseases found in Afghans are rarely laboratory-confirmed. Objectives. The aim of the study was to present the current status of intestinal parasitic infections in Afghan inhabitants on the example of patients hospitalized in two healthcare facilities in eastern Afghanistan. Material and methods. Fecal samples were collected from 548 patients (children aged 1-17 years and adults) with internal complaints, treated in Ghazni Provincial Hospital (Afghan civilian medical center, Ghazni province, 180 south-west of Kabul) and in Bagram Korean Hospital (Korean military medical center for Afghan patients, Parwan province, 60 km north of Kabul) between 2013 and 2014. One to three stool specimens from Afghan patients were fixed in 10% formalin, transported to the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland and tested by light microscopy using three diagnostic methods (direct smear in Lugol's solution, decantation in distilled water and Fül-leborn's flotation). Results. Intestinal parasites were found in 144/386 of tested patients from the Ghazni province (37.3% infected, mainly with Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia intestinalis, Hymenolepis nana) and in 49/162 patients from the Parwan province (30.2% infected, mainly with G. intestinalis, A. lumbricoides, H. nana). Conclusions. The rates of intestinal parasitic infections among Afghans are high. The wide range of the detected parasites (protozoa, nematodes, cestodes) should result in the introduction of general screening to be conducted regularly among inhabitants of Afghanistan and the application of targeted antiparasitic chemotherapy aiming to eliminate intestinal helminths and protozoa from the local community.

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The occurrence of intestinal parasites among Polish soldiers shows the possibility of importing pathogens from the Third World countries. It also indicates, in the context of infected women and children, that the source of infection of parasites of the digestive tract can be present in Poland.

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