Differences in surface roughness of enamel after whey-extract application and CPP-ACP in post extracoronal-tooth bleaching

Mukarromah, Afiatul; Dwiandhono, Irfan; Imam, Dian Noviyanti Agus

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.26859

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…16 The formed hydroxyapatite crystals reduce the interprismatic gap and enamel microporosity, which smoothens the surface of the porous part and decreases the surface roughness. 17 After five minutes, the average reduction in enamel surface roughness after immersion in cow formula milk was not different compared to that of using soy formula milk. However, after ten minutes, the average reduction in enamel surface roughness after immersion in cow formula milk was lower than that using soy formula milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…19 The ions can occupy the empty HA crystal space because of demineralisation and initiate the remineralisation by forming hydroxyapatite crystals. 17,20 The newly formed hydroxyapatite crystals fill the interprismatic gaps of the enamel. This process decreases the roughness and increases the surface hardness of the enamel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When in contact with the ionic acid, HPO 4 2turns into H 2 PO 4 . 17 The diffusion of calcium and phosphorus ions into the enamel surface can initiate the remineralisation. 18 HA crystals can undergo atomic replacement, which leads to a change in the chemical formula HA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel

2021

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Background: Demineralisation and remineralisation is a natural process in tooth enamel. It is influenced by the content of calcium and phosphorus in saliva, which concentrations are affected by the consumption of food, including formula milk. Demineralisation and remineralisation determine the roughness and hardness of the enamel surface. Purpose: This study compared the effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel. Methods: Maxillary premolar extracted teeth were demineralised with 37% phosphoric acid for 90 seconds and then divided into four treatment groups. For four days, the teeth were immersed twice a day in cow formula for five and ten minutes (Group I and II) and soy formula for five and ten minutes (Group III and IV). Before and after the immersion in milk, the teeth were submerged in artificial saliva. The enamel surface roughness and hardness were measured three times using a surface roughness tester and a Vickers microhardness tester, before and after demineralisation and after immersion in milk. Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Mann–Whitney tests. Results: There was no significant difference (p=0.88) observed in the roughness reduction among the treatment groups. The highest increase in hardness was noted for the ten-minute cow formula milk group (93.27 ± 16.00). The increase of hardness was higher after immersion for ten minutes. A substantial difference (p=0.03) was seen in the increase of hardness between the treatment groups. Conclusion: Immersion in cow and soy formula milk for five and ten minutes does not reduce the enamel roughness, but it increases the enamel hardness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel

2021

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“…A study focused on examining the effectiveness of 5% sodium fluoride varnish for remineralization after bleaching concluded that sodium fluoride varnish contributed to the formation fluorapatite [26]. Topical fluoride application post-bleaching has been shown to significantly reduce mineral loss, restore microhardness, and enhance enamel resistance to demineralization [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Remineralization Potential: Whey Extract, Fluoride Varnish, and Fluoride Mouthwash on Bleached Enamel

Karawia,

Mohamed

2024

J Dental Sci Res Rep

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Background: Extrinsic discoloration is treated with bleaching which increases enamel porosity and roughness. Remineralizing materials is applied to avoid the bleaching side effects. The current study aimed to evaluate time dependent safety of bleaching materials on enamel surfaces roughness, and to assess the remineralizing potential of whey extract as a natural product and to compare it with the commercially available fluoride varnish and fluoride mouthwash after maximum bleaching time (30 min.). Methods: Extracted human incisor teeth without cracks or any enamel defects were used in this study. Teeth were cleaned and decoronated at the level of the cementoenamel junction. A nail varnish was used to cover the entire surface of the crowns of each tooth, leaving a window measuring 4 mm × 4mm. Bleaching material was applied to the enamel of all teeth specimens. The Application of bleaching material was repeated 2 more times, each time for 10 minutes, which amounted in total to 30 min. The specimens in group 1 were soaked in artificial saliva, the specimens in group 2 were soaked in whey extract, the specimens in group 3 were treated with fluoride varnish and group 4 specimens were soaked in fluoride mouthwash. Results: The mean value of the surface roughness of all the teeth specimens was increased significantly after bleaching for 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes (p=0.000) when compared with baseline mean value. As well, there was significant direct correlation between application time of bleaching material and mean value of surface roughness (r= 0.94). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the specimens of the 4 groups when the mean value of surface roughness compared at baseline and after bleaching. But, after treatment, there was significant difference (p≤0.05) between the 4 groups, with the best result obtained from whey extract and fluoride varnish. Conclusions: The enamel surface roughness is significantly and directly correlated with prolonged application time of bleaching material. Remineralizing materials; whey extract, fluoride varnish and fluoride mouth wash had significantly decreased enamel surface roughness caused by bleaching. Whey extract has statistically the same effect as fluoride varnish on decreasing the surface roughness of bleached enamel surface.

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“…The surface roughness measurement could be a method used as an indirect way to evaluate porosity. Although there are publications that evaluate the surface roughness on the external surface of the enamel (Mukarromah A, 2018;Ulrich I et al, 2015), to our knowledge there is no data on the roughness in the subsurface zone of the WSL for evaluating the demineralization-remineralization process. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the penetration capacity of CPP-ACP in the subsurface zone of the WSL through roughness parameters measurement using CLSRM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal laser scanning reflection microscopy applied to the remineralization studies in incipient caries lesions

Tolcachir¹,

Mas²,

Caselles³

et al. 2021

S. F. J. of Health

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To evaluate through roughness parameters measurement the penetration of calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides (CPP-ACP) in the subsurface zone of the incipient caries lesions known in dentistry as white spot lesion (WSL). To our knowledge, there is no data about roughness parameters to evaluate the demineralization-remineralization process in the body of the lesion. WSL was generated in vitro in 10 dental samples and sectioned in half of them (longitudinal section). CPP-ACP was applied on the WSL (3 minutes daily for 60 days). Roughness parameters (Rp and Ra) were measured on the longitudinal section with a laser scanning confocal microscope in the reflection acquisition mode (CLSRM), either in the WSL or sound enamel, before and after applying CPP-ACP. CLSRM is a non-contact method able to detect small irregularities more precisely due to the small spot of laser illumination (0.5 μm). Mixed linear models were carried out, using the treatment as a fixed factor and the tooth as a random factor (significance level 5%). Rp and Ra values in WSL area before applying the remineralization protocol (WSL pre) were significantly higher than in the sound enamel of the same samples. After applying CPP-ACP, Rp and Ra values decreased significantly with respect to the WSL pre and were similar to the values of these parameters in sound enamel. roughness parameters were used as an indirect way to measure the porosity of WSL at subsurface level. The decrease of these parameters could be interpreted as the remineralization of WSL by the ability of CPP-ACP to penetrate the body of the lesion. Clinical significance: WSL is characterized by the loss of minerals from the enamel and an increase in porosity at the subsurface level. The effectiveness of remineralizing substances would be determined by their ability to penetrate the body of the lesion and reduce porosity.

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Differences in surface roughness of enamel after whey-extract application and CPP-ACP in post extracoronal-tooth bleaching

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel

Effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel

In Vitro Evaluation of Remineralization Potential: Whey Extract, Fluoride Varnish, and Fluoride Mouthwash on Bleached Enamel

Confocal laser scanning reflection microscopy applied to the remineralization studies in incipient caries lesions

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