Differences in proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production by bone cells seeded on titanium–nitride and cobalt–chromium–molybdenum surfaces

Abstract

Titanium-nitride coating is used to improve cobalt-chromium-molybdenum implant survival in total knee arthroplasty, but its effect on osteoconduction is unknown. Chromium and cobalt ions negatively affect the growth and metabolism of cultured osteoblasts while enhancing osteoclastogenic cytokine production. Therefore, it was hypothesized that a titanium-nitride surface would enhance osteoblast proliferation and/or differentiation and reduce osteoclastogenic cytokine production compared with a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum surface. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts showed increased proliferation and decreased differentiation on titanium-nitride, while cytokine interleukin-6 production was higher on porous cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (p < 0.05), though interleukin-1β was occasionally detected on both surfaces. These findings suggest improved osteoconduction on titanium-nitride compared with cobalt-chromium-molybdenum surface.

Titanium-Nitride Coating of Orthopaedic Implants: A Review of the Literature

“…In several studies, no difference in proliferation of cells was found on TiN-coated materials compared with their controls [ 5 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 ]; however, an increase in proliferation of cells on TiN-coated materials compared with their controls was observed in other studies [ 4 , 18 , 23 , 27 , 28 ]. No differences were found on TiN-coated materials compared with their controls in differentiation of cells [ 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 28 ], cell morphology [ 20 , 24 , 29 ], cell adhesion [ 15 , 16 , 29 , 30 ], viability [ 21 ], and metabolic activity [ 24 ]. One study showed a higher number of cells adhered to TiN-coated material compared with the control [ 17 ].…”

“…A high variety of cell types were used for cell culture on TiN-coated implant materials: human bone marrow stem cells [ 15 – 17 ], human primary osteoblasts [ 18 ], Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells [ 19 ], human fibroblasts [ 20 ], human fetal osteoblasts [ 5 , 21 ], U937 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts [ 22 ], mouse fibroblasts [ 23 – 25 ], murine monocytes [ 26 ], and murine calvarial osteoblasts [ 4 , 27 ]. Studies on proliferation and differentiation of cells cultured on TiN-coated materials compared with control material are shown in Table 1 .…”

Bone Response to Surface-Modified Titanium Implants: Studies on the Early Tissue Response to Implants with Different Surface Characteristics

“…In the literature, there are several reports on the biological reactions at TiN surfaces, mainly prepared by PVD and CVD techniques, including the responses of bone [42–44], soft tissues [42, 45] blood [16, 17, 46, 47], platelets [48], human mesenchymal stem cells [49], and osteoblasts [50, 51]. Several of those studies indicate that TiN surfaces have beneficial or comparable properties in comparison with other currently and frequently used materials.…”

RGD‐functionalized supported lipid bilayers modulate pre‐osteoblast adherence and promote osteogenic differentiation

“…MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were maintained in α-MEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Paisly, UK), 300 μg/mL penicillin (Sigma-Aldrich), 250 μg/mL streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich), and 1.25 μg/mL fungizone (Gibco, Paisly, UK) (Bakker et al, 2016;van Hove, Nolte, Semeins, & Klein-Nulend, 2013). At 80% confluency, the cells were harvested using 0.25% trypsin and 0.1% EDTA in PBS (Bakker et al, 2016).…”