Titanium-Nitride Coating of Orthopaedic Implants: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Surfaces of medical implants can be enhanced with the favorable properties of titanium-nitride (TiN). In a review of English medical literature, the effects of TiN-coating on orthopaedic implant material in preclinical studies were identified and the influence of these effects on the clinical outcome of TiN-coated orthopaedic implants was explored. The TiN-coating has a positive effect on the biocompatibility and tribological properties of implant surfaces; however, there are several reports of third body wear due to delamination, increased ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear, and cohesive failure of the TiN-coating. This might be due to the coating process. The TiN-coating process should be optimized and standardized for titanium alloy articulating surfaces. The clinical benefit of TiN-coating of CoCrMo knee implant surfaces should be further investigated.

Effect of chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles on the expression of NAMPT, E2F8, FAS, TBX3, IL13RA2, and UPS7 genes in mouse liver

“…Furthermore, recently was shown that oral administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles disrupts hepatic metabolic functions in a mouse model [3]. Titanium nitride nanoparticles have favorable proper ties and are used for the coating of orthopedic implant, coronary stents, and syringe needles as well as for improving long-term implants in dental medicine [4][5][6][7]. At the same time, very little is known about the toxicity including genotoxicity induced by titanium nitride nanoparticles and the effect of these nanoparticles on liver gene expressed profile has not been reported.…”

“…For titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which are widely used in the number of applications, including cosmetic creams, toothpastes, and component of surgical implants, it was shown that long-term exposure to these nanoparticles led to accumulation of these nanoparticles in brain, over-proliferation of glial cells and significant changes in brain gene expressions as well as to neurogenic disease states in mice [1,2]. At the same time, the genotoxicity of titanium nitride nanoparticles, which have favorable properties and used for coronary stents, syringe needles, and the coating of orthopedic implant as well as in dental medicine for improving long-term implants [4][5][6][7], did not studied yet. At the same time, very little is known about the toxicity of chromium containing nanoparticles [8].…”

Allergy in Total Knee Replacement. Does It Exist?

“…Nevertheless, there are reports of third body wear due to delimitation of the TiN coating [30,38,50,64] in hip arthroplasties. This can result in third body polyethylene wear [64]. There were no reports of adverse effects related to TiN coating of CoCrMo knee implants.…”

A Preliminary Study to Enhance the Tribological Performance of CoCrMo Alloy by Fibre Laser Remelting for Articular Joint Implant Applications

“…Attempts to improve the wear resistance of CoCr-based alloys have been made in the literature using different surface modification methods, including plasma surface alloying with N and C [9] or plasma nitriding [10], electron beam surface treatment [11], deposition of hard coatings, namely titanium nitride (TiN) [12][13][14] and diamond-like carbon (DLC) [15,16], by physical vapour deposition (PVD) or deposition of DLC [17] by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). In this study, we are primarily interested in improving the tribological properties of CoCrMo by means of laser processing.…”