Dietary thiamin could improve growth performance, feed utilization and non-specific immune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of dietary thiamin on growth performance, feed utilization and non‐specific immune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated with graded thiamin levels of 6.9, 32.7, 54.2, 78.1, 145.1 and 301.5 mg kg−1 of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 juvenile shrimp and provided four times each day to apparent satiation. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the shrimp were significantly influenced by the dietary thiamin levels, the maximal WG and SGR occurred at 54.2 mg kg−1 dietary thiamin level. However, with further increase in dietary thiamin level from 54.2 to 301.5 mg kg−1, the WG and SGR significantly decreased. Shrimp fed the 54.2 mg kg−1 thiamin diet exhibited higher feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value than those fed the other diets. Dry matter and protein content in whole body were significantly affected by the dietary thiamin levels. Thiamin concentration in hepatopancreas significantly increased when the dietary thiamin level increased from 6.9 to 145.1 mg kg−1. The total protein, glucose, triacylglycerol and cholesterol contents in hemolymph were not significantly affected by the dietary thiamin levels. Dietary thiamin had significantly influenced superoxide dismutase, catalase and lysozyme activities in hemolymph. Results of this study indicated that the optimal dietary thiamin requirements estimated using a two‐slope broken‐line model based on WG and thiamin concentration in hepatopancreas were 44.66 and 152.83 mg kg−1, respectively.

Effect of dietary vitamin B6on growth, feed utilization, health and non-specific immune of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

“…It seems that a little difference in vitamin B 6 requirements based on WG, SGR and the concentration of vitamin B 6 in the hepatopancreas may be due to vitamin B 6 accumulation in the hepatopancreas not synchronized with the growth, and Huang et al . () also found that the large variations in thiamin requirements of Pacific white shrimp between based on WG and the concentration in hepatopancreas.…”

“…Hepatopancreas is the main tissue deposit quantity of vitamin, and measurement of vitamin B 6 in the hepatopancreas has been used to assess the requirement for vitamin B 6 in crustaceans (Shiau & Wu 2003). It seems that a little difference in vitamin B 6 requirements based on WG, SGR and the concentration of vitamin B 6 in the hepatopancreas may be due to vitamin B 6 accumulation in the hepatopancreas not synchronized with the growth, and Huang et al (2015) also found that the large variations in thiamin requirements of Pacific white shrimp between based on WG and the concentration in hepatopancreas.…”

Partial and total replacement of fish meal by marine microalgaSpirulina platensisin the diet of Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei: Growth, digestive enzyme activities, fatty acid composition and responses to ammonia and hypoxia stress

“…Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , is an economically important farm‐raised shrimp due to its great economic value, rapid growth rate and tolerance of a wide range of salinities and temperatures (Huang et al, ). In 2010, it accounted for 71.8% of world production of all farmed marine shrimp species (FAO ).…”

Thiamine requirement of Chinese soft‐shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis(Wiegmann)

“…Huang et al () reported that the muscle protein concentrations in white shrimp fed with a diet containing 54.2 mg thiamine/kg diet were higher than in shrimps fed with thiamine‐deficient diets, suggesting that the deficiency of dietary thiamine results in poor carbohydrate metabolism and in turn decreases the supply of nutrients during protein synthesis from the glycolytic pathway. In addition, blood glucose may not be oxidized effectively to provide energy so that the muscle protein is utilized as a source of energy (Huang et al, ). These might also be the reason why soft‐shelled turtles fed with a thiamine‐deficient diet were lower in muscle protein.…”

“…In poultry, the requirement ranges from 1.3 to 2.0 mg/kg (NRC, ). For aquatic animals, the reported requirements are 1–3 mg/kg for channel catfish (Murai & Andrews, ), 10–12 mg/kg for rainbow trout (McLaren, Keller, O'Donnell, & Elvehjem, ), 3.5 mg/kg for Nile tilapia (Lim et al, ), 1.02 mg/kg for Jian carp (Huang et al, ), 1.3–5.0 mg/kg for grass carp (Jiang et al, ), 51–61 mg/kg for abalone (Zhu, Mai, & Wu, ), 44–152 mg/kg for white shrimp (Huang et al, ) and 18–26 mg/kg for Cyprinid fish (Xiang, Zhou, Chen, Wu, & Zheng, ).…”