Dietary supplementation of xylanase and protease on growth performance, digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility, immune and oxidative stress status, and gut health of newly weaned pigs

Abstract

This study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with xylanase and protease on growth performance, digesta viscosity, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, and gut health in nursery pigs. Forty-eight pigs (24 barrows and 24 gilts at 21 d of age with 7.2 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) in a randomized complete block design and fed in 2 phases (phase 1 for 10 d and phase 2 for 14 d). Factors were xylanase (0 or 45,000 XU/kg) and protease (0 or 300,000 U/kg). Feed intake and BW gain were measured on d 10 and 24. Titanium dioxide (0.25%) was added to all diets as an indigestible external marker from d 20 to 24. On d 24, all pigs were euthanized to obtain jejunal and ileal digesta to measure viscosity and apparent ileal digestibility. The jejunal mucosa was collected to measure immune and oxidative stress status. Jejunal tissues were used to measure morphology and crypt cells proliferation. In phase 2, xylanase increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) which was further increased (P < 0.05) when combined with protease. Overall, combinational use of xylanase and protease increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared with the use of xylanase or protease alone, whereas protease improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. In jejunum, xylanase reduced (P < 0.05) viscosity of digesta, mucosal malondialdehyde (MDA), crypt depth and crypt cells proliferation, and protease increased (P < 0.05) villus height, and decreased (P < 0.05) crypt depth and crypt cells proliferation. Collectively, xylanase improved growth performance, digesta viscosity, and oxidative stress, whereas protease improved feed efficiency and gut morphology. The combinational use of xylanase and protease enhanced growth performance of newly weaned pigs.

Synbiotic Effects of Enzyme and Probiotics on Intestinal Health and Growth of Newly Weaned Pigs Challenged With Enterotoxigenic F18+Escherichia coli

“…Although the jejunal digesta viscosity was not affected by either factors in this study, the viscosity can be affected by the ingredient in the diet (19,31) and the ratio of insoluble to soluble NSP (68). The viscosity observed in this study ranged from 1.8 to 1.9 mPa•s, which is lower than previously reported by Duarte et al (10) and Passos et al (14) due to differences in dietary compositions.…”

“…In phase 1 (d 0-10), the ETEC challenge tended to reduce (P = 0.092) the ADG, whereas the use of synbiotics increased (P < 0.05) it, regardless of the challenge. In phase 2 (d [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and overall, the ADG was reduced (P < 0.05) when pigs were challenged with ETEC, whereas it was not affected by the use of synbiotics. The ADFI was not affected by the use of synbiotics during the pre-challenge period (d 0-7).…”

“…The supernatant obtained was transferred to another 1.5-mL tube and kept on ice until measurement. (10,14). The concentrations of total protein, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, MDA, and protein carbonyl were measured by colorimetric methods using commercially available kits according to the instructions of the manufacturers.…”

Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs

“…Oxidative stress is directly linked with inflammation since oxidants are activators of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kB, the critical regulator of inflammation [28]. Previous studies have reported reduced oxidative stress and inflammation level in the weaning pig fed corn-SBM based diet by supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes, such as xylanase and β-mannanase [29,30]. However, our result showed that the β-mannanase supplementation did not affect the concentrations of AGP and HP (APP parameters) as well as SOD and GPx (oxidative stress parameters; Figure 1).…”

Xylanase increased the energetic contribution of fiber and improved the oxidative status, gut barrier integrity, and growth performance of growing pigs fed insoluble corn-based fiber

“…Furthermore, in recent years, the role of xylanase has extended beyond its original intent due to reports of unexpected health benefits, particularly reductions in mortality in grow-finish pig production ( Zier-Rush et al, 2016 ). There have also been reports of improvements in gut barrier integrity ( Tiwari et al, 2018 ) and reductions in markers of oxidative stress ( Duarte et al, 2019 ) in nursery pigs supplemented with xylanase, but there is a dearth of literature in the grow-finish pig. Therefore, the experimental objective was to investigate the impact of xylanase on energy bioavailability, oxidative status, and gut function and morphology of growing pigs fed a diet higher in insoluble fiber and given a longer adaptation time than typically reported.…”